Self-detached laser induced graphene derived from bio-oil distillation residues for multifunctional applications

This study reported laser induced graphene (LIG) fabricated from the distillation residues of bio-oil resulting from switchgrass pyrolysis. The bio-oil distillation residues as a precursor can significantly boost the efficiency of LIG synthesis by generating self-detachable and standalone LIG layers via direct laser writing toward high-throughput roll-to-roll manufacturing. For on-chip applications, the produced LIG had high specific surface area (375.30 m²/g) and excellent electrical conductivity, which can be facilely transferred onto adhesive substrates with fully preserved structural integrity by direct dry peel-off. The LIG-based sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity to strains (e.g., bending, vibration), temperature, and humidity. Even when subjected to 250 Hz vibrations with ∼0.2 mm amplitude, the sensor accurately captured the periodical signal change at a 25 Hz signal collecting rate. The supercapacitors also exhibited the high energy density (E_A) of 27.3 μW h/cm² with the power density (P_A) of 0.089 mW/cm² and the specific area capacitance (C_A) of 248.7 mF/cm² at the current density of 0.2 mA/cm². These findings suggest the tremendous potential of biomass derived LIG in large-scale manufacturing for energy storage devices, environment monitoring sensors, and wearable electronics.