Thermal and laser performance of Er:SGGG crystal through double end-pumping configuration

In continuous-wave (CW) mode, some Gd_3-xCa_xMg_yZr_x+yGa_5-x-2yO₁₂ (SGGG) laser crystals are unable to withstand the high energy density of the pump light, significantly impacting laser performance and even leading to crystal cracking. In this paper, the thermal and optical properties for Er:SGGG laser crystal are investigated, which are detailed parameters to use for simulation of heat distribution. A double end-pumping configuration in Er:SGGG crystal is demonstrated for the first time, it can significantly mitigate thermal stress compared with traditional single-pumping technique. In terms of laser performances, the maximum output power of 450 mW is realized, the beam quality factors of $M_x^2$/$M_y^2$ are 4.0/3.4, and the center of wavelength is located at 2794.6 nm with a FWHM of 0.7 nm. This result could provide a beneficial reference to the development and application of mid-infrared lasers using SGGG crystals.