High Andean bioclimatic dwellings in Peru: climatic conditions, vulnerability of the population and review of academic studies and massification programmes

The frosts in Peru's high Andean regions pose significant risk to life and health, particularly affecting children and older adults. Over the past few decades, various academic research projects and massification programmes led by the government and non-governmental organizations have been aimed to mitigate the impact of freezing temperatures on dwellings. However, these efforts remain insufficient, as a significant gap persists due to the lack of quantitative data on the thermal performance of dwelling envelopes and the temperature ranges required to maintain habitable and thermally healthy conditions for daily activities. This study compiles information on bioclimatic dwellings constructed in Peruvian high Andean regions at altitudes exceeding 3,500 m above sea level (masl). Academic research projects have documented the construction and rehabilitation of dwellings, as well as experimental modules with in situ indoor temperature monitoring. Additionally, massification programmes have resulted in the construction of over 400 dwellings. Thermal analyses indicate that attached greenhouses and skylights are among the most effective passive bioclimatic techniques for improving indoor thermal conditions.