Blockchain-Based Trusted Traceability Scheme for Food Quality and Safety

The traditional food information model cannot guarantee the traceability of food quality and safety information. In response to this problem, blockchain has garnered significant attention from the food industry, because it can ensure food quality in the food traceability system. However, a trusted traceability system covering the full supply chain, with characteristics of systematic, accountable, and user-friendly, is important for food quality and safety. Utilizing blockchain and intelligent Internet-of-Thing (IoT) technology, the architecture of the trusted traceability system is designed with a physical layer, IoT layer, and blockchain layer. Taking the Fabric alliance chain as the underlying platform, adopting a distributed management mode, and establishing nodes to upload accurate data from each link in the food supply chain, we design traceability information nodes for five organizations (namely, production, processing, distribution, sale, and supervision) and form traceability events at all levels of nodes to form a traceability chain. In addition, the key attributes and functions of the smart contract between institutions are designed, and the transfer parameters of the execution function are constructed so that the organic food node can activate them. Next, the trigger function is constructed to notify the institutional nodes to conduct transactions, thereby realizing the execution process of the three main smart contracts (namely, production–processing organizations, processing–distribution organizations, and distribution–sale organizations). Finally, we implemented a trusted food traceability system for organic grapes. The results show that the system can meet the demand for food traceability.