Stable low energy dissipation and electromagnetic response characteristics of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for UHF to C band applications

This study explores the stable low energy dissipation and electromagnetic response characteristics of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFNPs) for ultra-high frequency (UHF) to C band (300 MHz–6 GHz) applications. CFNPs were synthesized via the citrate precursor method, yielding a spinel cubic structure with crystallite sizes ranging from 38 to 70 nm, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Williamson-Hall analyses. Morphological evaluations using HRTEM revealed quasi-spherical nanoparticles with a mean particle size of ~ 42 nm and minimal lattice strain (ε = 0.00269). Magnetic measurements across 100–400 K demonstrated high thermal stability, with specific saturation magnetization peaking at 75.55 emu/g and coercivity increasing to 6248 Oe at 100 K, highlighting enhanced magnetic anisotropy. Electromagnetic performance evaluations revealed stable real permeability (~ 1.04–1.06) and low dielectric loss (0.04–0.051) across the frequency spectrum. Notably, the magnetic loss tangent (tan δ_μ = 0.075–0.085) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ_ε = 0.007–0.009) emphasized minimal energy dissipation, critical for high-fidelity signal transmission. Applications such as radar, satellite communication, and EMI shielding can benefit from CFNPs’ low dissipation and reliable electromagnetic response under variable conditions. The research highlights CFNPs’ viability for advanced electromagnetic systems, demonstrating their ability to optimize signal integrity, energy efficiency, and thermal resilience. Future investigations may focus on refining synthesis techniques to control particle size distribution and exploring CFNP performance under dynamic electromagnetic environments, paving the way for sustainable technologies in defense, aerospace, and telecommunications.