Green synthesis and detailed characterization of selenium nanoparticles derived from Alangium salviifolium (L.f) Wangerin

In recent years, the environmentally sustainable synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) has garnered significant interest owing to its prospective applications in medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. This work investigates the eco-friendly synthesis of Se NPs using extracts from Alangium salviifolium leaves and fruits, emphasizing the optimization of the extraction method to increase the output of phytochemicals that promote the reduction of selenium ions into nanoparticles. The characterization of the synthesized Se NPs was conducted utilizing sophisticated analytical techniques to clarify their structural, morphological, and compositional attributes. UV–Vis spectroscopy validated the effective synthesis of Se NPs via a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak. The FTIR study elucidated the functional groups in the extracts and their interactions with selenium throughout the reduction process. XRD analysis demonstrated the crystalline structure of the produced nanoparticles, with peaks aligned to distinct selenium phases, so validating their effective synthesis. FESEM integrated with EDS offered detailed morphological insights and elemental composition analysis, demonstrating uniform distribution and size consistency among the nanoparticals. Elemental mapping further corroborated the presence of selenium within the synthesized structures. Additionally, HR-TEM combined with SAED provided atomic-level insights into the crystallinity and size distribution of Se NPs, revealing their potential for various applications. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited remarkable stability and biocompatibility, suggesting promising prospects for biomedical applications. This study not only highlights an effective green synthesis route for Se NPs but also underscores the importance of utilizing natural resources in nanomaterial production. The findings contribute significantly to nanotechnology by providing a sustainable approach to nanoparticle synthesis while paving the way for future research into their functional applications across diverse sectors.