锡亚尔科特至拉瓦尔品第GT公路沿线潜在有毒元素的空间分布和健康风险评估

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Advances Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI:10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100632

Ufra Naseer , Atif Ahmad , Muhammad Adnan , Muhammad Yousaf , Zhengping Du , Chuntian Qiu , Tianxiang Yue

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A non-linear fitting model is applied to analyze the correlation between PTEs and roadside distance and shows PTEs concentration decrease with an increase in the road proximity. As distance from the road increases, ERI decreases with the highest risk at 0 m (265.99) and the lowest risk at 100 m (59.46), highlighting the gradual dissipation of the pollutant. The maximum concentration of PTEs is observed in Sialkot, while the minimum is noted in Jhelum. The mean concentrations of PTEs at 0 m were 34.9, 14.3, 27.1 and 0.66 for Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd, respectively in this descending order: Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd. The mean concentration of ERI of PTEs was 120.84 at Sialkot, 86.61 at Gujrat, 50.03 at Jhelum, and 69.63 at Rawalpindi. Cr and Cu pose a lower ecological risk as compared to Pb and Cd. Roadside soil ranges from “unpolluted” to “moderately polluted” for all metals excluding Cr. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

公路沿线的快速发展和城市化给土壤带来了严重的潜在有毒元素污染，并可能对生态系统造成相当大的风险。本研究对锡亚尔科特至拉瓦尔品第GT路边土壤中pte （Pb、Cr、Cu和Cd）的浓度、空间分布、生态风险和健康风险评价进行了评价，旨在为管理和减轻pte污染提供理论依据。在4个不同地区（锡亚尔科特、古吉拉特、杰勒姆和拉瓦尔品第）距离道路边缘不同距离处收集了200个样本。采用非线性拟合模型分析了pte浓度与道路距离的相关性，结果表明pte浓度随道路距离的增加而降低。随着距离道路的增加，ERI降低，在0 m处风险最高（265.99），在100 m处风险最低（59.46），突出了污染物的逐渐消散。在锡亚尔科特观察到pte的最高浓度，而在耶赫勒姆观察到最低浓度。0 m处Pb、Cu、Cr和Cd的平均浓度由高到低依次为34.9、14.3、27.1和0.66；铜比;Cr祝辞锡亚尔科特的平均ERI浓度为120.84，古吉拉特为86.61，杰勒姆为50.03，拉瓦尔品第为69.63。与铅和镉相比，铬和铜的生态风险较低。路边土壤的所有金属（不包括铬）均为“未污染”至“中度污染”。Nemerow综合污染指数（NIPI）为1.005，表明污染水平略高于可接受限度。通过三种途径的土壤中PTEs （ADD）的日平均剂量变化趋势按addh小于ADDderm的大小排序。在土壤的ADD中，ADDderm在成人中值最大，而ADD和addh在儿童中值最大。所有被检查的土壤中pte的危害指数（HI）都低于1，表明对儿童和成人都没有相当大的健康风险。巴基斯坦政府应该优先考虑GT公路沿线的交通和与工业相关的环境问题。本研究有助于进一步分析和评估全球高速公路（包括工业地区）附近pte暴露相关的健康风险。

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Spatial distribution and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements along GT road from Sialkot to Rawalpindi

The rapid development and urbanization along the GT roadside has brought severe potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination to the soil and may lead to considerable risk to the ecosystem. In this study, the concentrations, spatial distribution along with ecological risk, and health risk assessments of PTEs (Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd) in the GT roadside soil from Sialkot to Rawalpindi are evaluated, aiming to provide a theoretical understanding of managing and mitigating the PTEs contamination. 200 samples are collected at varying distances from the road's edge across 4 different zones (Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, and Rawalpindi). A non-linear fitting model is applied to analyze the correlation between PTEs and roadside distance and shows PTEs concentration decrease with an increase in the road proximity. As distance from the road increases, ERI decreases with the highest risk at 0 m (265.99) and the lowest risk at 100 m (59.46), highlighting the gradual dissipation of the pollutant. The maximum concentration of PTEs is observed in Sialkot, while the minimum is noted in Jhelum. The mean concentrations of PTEs at 0 m were 34.9, 14.3, 27.1 and 0.66 for Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd, respectively in this descending order: Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd. The mean concentration of ERI of PTEs was 120.84 at Sialkot, 86.61 at Gujrat, 50.03 at Jhelum, and 69.63 at Rawalpindi. Cr and Cu pose a lower ecological risk as compared to Pb and Cd. Roadside soil ranges from “unpolluted” to “moderately polluted” for all metals excluding Cr. Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI) value of 1.005 indicates that the contamination level slightly exceeds the acceptable limit. The trend of the average daily dose of PTEs (ADD) in soil via the three pathways is noted in the order of ADD_inh ˂ ADD_derm ˂ ADD_ing. Among ADD of soil, ADD_derm has maximum value in adults, while ADD_ing and ADD_inh values are maximum for children. The hazard index (HI) for all inspected PTEs in the soil is below 1, demonstrating no considerable health risk for either children or adults. The Pakistani government should prioritize traffic, and industrial-related environmental issues along GT road. This study is helpful to further analyze and assess the health risks associated with exposure to PTEs near highways, including those in industrial areas globally.

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