Carbon contracts for difference design: Managing carbon price risk in a low-carbon industry

Alexander Hoogsteyn obtained his MSc from KU Leuven in 2021 with a major in electrical engineering and minor in power system engineering. He then completed a traineeship at the EU Agency for Cooperation of Energy Regulators, after which he returned to KU Leuven to pursue a PhD in mechanical engineering at the Energy Systems Integration and Modeling research group. He is also affiliated with Energyville in Genk. Here, he investigates the role of hydrogen in industrial decarbonization and the impact hydrogen policies have on energy markets.Kenneth Bruninx received MSc and PhD degrees in energy engineering in 2011 and 2016, respectively, and an MSc degree in management in 2015 from KU Leuven, Belgium. Currently, he is an associate professor at the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) and a research fellow at KU Leuven. His main research interests include market design, policy, and regulation for integrated net-zero energy systems. He serves as the chair of the IEEE EPPC WG on Energy and is an associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy & Regulation.Erik Delarue received MSc and PhD degrees in mechanical engineering from KU Leuven, Belgium, in 2005 and 2009, respectively. He is a professor at KU Leuven, TME Branch (energy conversion), leading the Energy Systems Integration and Modeling research group, and he is active within EnergyVille. His research focus and expertise are on quantitative tools supporting an efficient operation of, and transition toward, a low-carbon energy system (mathematical modeling of energy systems). Applications relate to flexibility through energy systems integration, energy market design, and energy policies. Erik has published widely in the academic literature.