mrPCA-PSP: Robust Motion-Resistant Phase-Shifting Profilometry Based on Principal Component Analysis

Phase-shifting profilometry (PSP) enables high-resolution 3D shape measurement through phase-shifted fringe patterns. However, its multi-shot nature makes it highly susceptible to motion-induced phase errors, leading to severe reconstruction artifacts in dynamic scenes. Here, a robust motion-resistant phase-shifting profilometry method based on principal component analysis (mrPCA-PSP) is proposed. By leveraging PCA to separate signal from noise, non-uniform phase shifts induced by motion in each raw fringe image are compensated. Through image rectification and unknown phase shift estimation, the method achieves high-precision phase retrieval for objects moving in arbitrary directions using only three phase-shifted fringe images. Experimental results in complex dynamic scenes demonstrate that mrPCA-PSP exhibits significantly enhanced motion robustness compared to traditional PSP. By implementing it in a GPU-accelerated multi-view structured light fringe projection system, motion-induced errors are effectively suppressed, achieving real-time, motion-artifact-free, high-precision 3D measurements at speeds of up to 100 Hz. These capabilities position mrPCA-PSP as a promising solution for high-speed, real-time 3D shape measurement in dynamic environments, with applications in industrial inspection, robotic navigation, and human-computer interaction.