Advancing the Regenerative Braking Systems of New Energy Vehicles: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art Review

Regenerative braking systems (RBSs) are a transformative technology in the automotive industry, widely adopted in new energy vehicles (NEVs), especially electric ones. This study comprehensively reviews RBS research, including its origin, working principle, classification, and current status using VOSviewer. This article provides an in-depth analysis and discussion of the latest research progress in key technologies such as RBS mechanical design, logic control and optimization, and technical evaluation. It is found that research on the relationship between regenerative braking and driving safety is relatively limited, and it is suggested to explore the correlation in three aspects: (i) accidents caused by regenerative braking function, (ii) the mechanism of the impact of regenerative braking on driving behavior, and (iii) the scope of safety oriented-regenerative braking level. This study provides a research foundation and direction analysis for the development of safer RBS technology.