Coarse Frequency Offset and Primary Synchronization Signal Joint Detection Based on Time Division Uniform Extraction and Frequency Domain Parallel Processing for 5G Nonterrestrial Network Systems

Rapid detection of the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and accurate coarse frequency offset detection is critical in time–frequency synchronization in 5G nonterrestrial network (NTN) communication systems. However, the Doppler frequency offset (DFO) caused by the rapid movement of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites requires multiple parallel real-time calculations for PSS detection and coarse frequency offset compensation at ground terminals, which consumes a lot of hardware logic resources if the algorithms based on sliding cross-correlation operation is used for PSS detection. In this work, a coarse frequency offset and PSS joint detection based on time division uniform extraction and frequency domain parallel processing is proposed, which can significantly reduce the complexity while ensuring performance. The offline FPGA verification results indicate that the proposed scheme can be effectively applied with extremely low complexity in the presence of severe DFO, where existing alternatives provide unsatisfactory complexity.