摘要
背景和目的 幸福感是导致一些绝经后妇女生活质量下降的重要因素。本研究旨在比较团体和个人正念认知行为疗法（MBCT）对绝经后妇女幸福感的影响。 方法 这是一项随机对照试验，48 名绝经后妇女接受了团体或个人 MBCT 咨询。本研究招募了年龄在 50-64 岁、绝经后 1-10 年、幸福量表评分低于 40-42 分的绝经后妇女。研究采用人口统计学问卷和牛津幸福感问卷收集数据。团体咨询组的女性接受了 8 次 MBCT 咨询，而个人咨询组的女性则接受了单独咨询。数据分析采用了独立 t 检验、卡方检验和双向重复测量方差分析。 结果 两组在干预结束后立即和一个月后，幸福感的所有组成部分，包括自我概念、生活满意度、心理准备、积极幸福感、美感、自我效能感和希望的得分都有所提高。团体心理咨询组的幸福感总分分别从干预前的 33.39 ± 5.57 分提高到干预后的 48.91 ± 6.77 分和随访期间的 48 ± 6.38 分（P 值为 0.001）。个体咨询组的得分则分别从干预后的 32.13 ± 5.40 分提高到了 46.04 ± 7.80 分和 45.13 ± 7.26 分（P 值为 0.001）。两组之间无明显差异。 结论 我们的研究结果表明，虽然心理咨询组的幸福感所有组成部分的得分略高于个人组，但两组之间没有明显差异。建议使用这两种方法来提高绝经后妇女的幸福感。
Background and Aims
Happiness is an important factor for decreased quality of life in some postmenopausal women. This study aimed to compare the effects of group and individual mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy (MBCT) on the happiness of postmenopausal women.
Methods
This was a randomized controlled trial of 48 postmenopausal women who received group or individual MBCT counseling. Literate postmenopausal women aged 50–64 years, 1–10 years after menopause, and with Happiness Scale scores less than 40–42 were recruited for this study. A demographic questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Women in the group counseling group received 8 sessions of counseling according to MBCT, while women in the individual counseling group received counseling individually. Independent t-tests, Chi-square tests and two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data.
Results
The scores of all components of happiness including self-concept, life satisfaction, mental preparation, active well-being, aesthetic sense, self-efficacy, and hope, increased in both groups immediately after and 1 month after the completion of the intervention. The total happiness score in the group counseling group improved from 33.39 ± 5.57 before the intervention to 48.91 ± 6.77 and 48 ± 6.38 after the intervention and during the follow-up period, respectively (p value < 0.001). These scores in the individual counseling group improved from 32.13 ± 5.40 to 46.04 ± 7.80 and 45.13 ± 7.26 immediately after the intervention during the follow-up period, respectively (p value < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion
Our results showed that although the scores of all components of happiness were slightly greater in the counseling group than the individual group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Using either method is recommended for increasing the happiness of postmenopausal women.
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