Deep insights into the coupled optoelectronic analysis of ETL thin films and photovoltaic analysis of CsPbI3-based perovskite solar cell using SCAPS-1D simulations

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI₃) is a type of perovskite compound used in solar cells. CsPbI₃ has a unique structure that efficiently absorbs sunlight, making it highly efficient for generating power. It can be made using low-cost methods and adjusted to capture different parts of sunlight. However, its stability in varying conditions is a challenge that researchers are working to overcome. CsPbI₃ perovskite shows promise for creating efficient and affordable solar cells, though stability remains an area of focus. In this study, the thicknesses, optical gaps and electron mobility of the electron transport layer (ETL) derived from a mixture of oxides: SnO₂ and CoO (SnCoOx), were calculated using experimental UV-Vis spectrometry and Hall Effect measurements. The results were then used as input data for the simulation of CsPbI₃-based s using SCAPS 1-D software. In addition, several materials were compared as electron transport layers (ETLs), including C₆₀, CdS, IGZO, PCBM, ZnO, CdZnS and TiO₂, comparing them initially with SnCoOx as well as organic and inorganic hole transport materials (HTLs) such as Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT: PSS, P3HT, CuO, CuI and CuO₂. The results showed that SnCoOx as ETL and Cu₂O as HTL are the most suitable materials among those studied. In addition, device performance was enhanced by optimizing various parameters such as back electrode work function, absorber thickness, doping density, defect density, series and shunt resistances, and temperature. Under optimal conditions, a conversion efficiency of 21.34% was achieved for the FTO/_(75%)SnO_2(25%)Co/CsPbI₃/Cu₂O/Au solar cell. This investigation illustrates the potential of SnCoOx as an ETL for the production of renewable energy that is free of toxicity.