Understanding Addis Ababa's urban transition and slum clearance through gentrification theory

Addis Ababa exemplifies Sub-Saharan African cities that undergone multi-actors led slum demolitions for urban redevelopment, resulting in displacement. This study aimed to identify the driving forces behind slum demolition, the key actors involved, their roles and the power dynamics within the slum redevelopment process. The study applied an adapted gentrification theory, supported by evidence of its applicability in the Global South. Data were collected through interviews with six key informants, 23 displaced residents, and a review of both published and unpublished documents.

The findings reveal that the slum demolition process is driven by three interconnected factors: (1) government, which facilitates slum demolition and renewal through redevelopment programs, regulations, and land monetization strategies; (2) local actors, who oversee construction, provide financial resources, and offer technical support; and (3) global actors, who mobilize capital, fund infrastructure projects, and advance real estate development initiatives. The commodification of urban land has led to excessive land prices in central areas, driving slum residents to relocate to lower-value peripheral areas. To promote sustainable urban planning in such cities, it is essential to implement legal frameworks that balance the power of various actors while protecting the livelihoods and rights of displaced slum residents.