极端风暴对水土保持措施效果的影响

IF 5.9 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133290

Ge Li , Jinfeng Wu , Zhentao Cong , Dawen Yang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

中国黄土高原作为黄河的主要泥沙源区，一直受到广泛关注。20世纪50年代以来，黄土高原开展了沟壑区拦坝、坡地植被恢复等水土保持措施，有效地减少了泥沙负荷和径流量。气候变化背景下，极端风暴对黄土高原水土保持措施效果的影响是一个非常重要的问题。采用基于事件的水文模型（OpenLISEM），对黄土高原典型丘陵沟壑区黄府川流域极端暴雨天气对水土保持措施效果的影响进行了分析。结果表明：(1)降雨强度的增加显著降低了拦河坝和植被恢复的效果。在降水回归期为2a ~ 10000 a的极端暴雨条件下，流域径流SWC措施减少率从75%下降到36%，沉积物SWC措施减少率从81%下降到48%；(2)在低强度极端风暴条件下，植被恢复的减径流能力高于挡土坝，而在高强度极端风暴条件下，植被恢复的减沙能力始终高于挡土坝；(3)淤积会增加极端风暴对淤积坝的影响。植被恢复和拦水坝对径流和泥沙的影响在极端风暴条件下呈现出不同的趋势，为这些措施的评价提供了有用的信息。

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Impact of extreme storms on the effect of soil and water conservation measures

The Loess Plateau of China has been widely concerned as the main sediment source area of the Yellow River. Soil and water conservation measures, including check dams in gully and vegetation restoration in hillslope, have been constructed on the Loess Plateau since 1950s, which have significantly reduced the sediment loads also the runoff generation. The impact of extreme storms on the effect of soil and water conservation measures in the Loess Plateau is a very important issue since the extreme storms have significantly increased in this area under climate changes. An event-based hydrological model (OpenLISEM) was used to analyze the impact of extreme storms on the effect of soil and water conservation measures in the Huangfuchuan catchment, a typical hilly-gully basin in the Loess Plateau. The results indicated that (1) an increase in rainfall intensity significantly reduces the effect of check dams and vegetation restoration. The reduction rate of SWC measures has decreased from 75% to 36% for runoff and 81% to 48% for sediment under the extreme storms with rainfall return periods from 2a to 10,000a in this catchment; (2) the runoff reduction capacity of vegetation restoration is higher than that of check dams under low-intensity extreme storms but lower under high-intensity extreme storms, while the sediment reduction capacity of vegetation restoration is always higher than that of check dams; (3) the sedimentation of check dams will increase the impact of extreme storms on check dams. The impacts of vegetation restoration and check dams on runoff and sediment will exhibit varying trends under the extreme storms, providing useful information for the assessment of these measures.

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来源期刊

Journal of Hydrology 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

12.50%

发文量

1309

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hydrology publishes original research papers and comprehensive reviews in all the subfields of the hydrological sciences including water based management and policy issues that impact on economics and society. These comprise, but are not limited to the physical, chemical, biogeochemical, stochastic and systems aspects of surface and groundwater hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydrogeology. Relevant topics incorporating the insights and methodologies of disciplines such as climatology, water resource systems, hydraulics, agrohydrology, geomorphology, soil science, instrumentation and remote sensing, civil and environmental engineering are included. Social science perspectives on hydrological problems such as resource and ecological economics, environmental sociology, psychology and behavioural science, management and policy analysis are also invited. Multi-and interdisciplinary analyses of hydrological problems are within scope. The science published in the Journal of Hydrology is relevant to catchment scales rather than exclusively to a local scale or site.