外显子和超显子：目前的进展和观点

IF 18 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Bioactive Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.04.012

Li Yu , Hui Shi , Tingxin Gao , Wenrong Xu , Hui Qian , Jiajia Jiang , Xiao Yang , Xingdong Zhang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

最近的研究揭示了细胞外囊泡和颗粒（EVPs）的多样性和复杂性。随着技术的发展和对粒子非均质性认识的提高，对新粒子子集的研究日益活跃。最新发现强调了非囊泡细胞外纳米颗粒（NVEPs）作为有前途的生物标志物和疾病靶点的独特特征和作用。这些纳米颗粒不同于细胞外囊泡（ev），因为它们的颗粒尺寸更小，缺乏双层膜结构，它们富含多种生物活性分子，特别是蛋白质和rna，这些分子被广泛报道在外泌体中传递和包装。本文综述了最近发现的两种无膜nvep，外显子和超粒，概述了它们的生物发生和含量，特别是与它们的生物特性有关的生物活性物质。本文综述了这些纳米颗粒的概念和特征，并与其他evp，特别是evp进行了比较，讨论了它们的分离鉴定方法、研究方向、临床应用前景和有待解决的问题。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives

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Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives

Recent studies have revealed a great diversity and complexity in extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs). The developments in techniques and the growing awareness of the particle heterogeneity have spurred active research on new particle subsets. Latest discoveries highlighted unique features and roles of non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs) as promising biomarkers and targets for diseases. These nanoparticles are distinct from extracellular vesicles (EVs) in terms of their smaller particle sizes and lack of a bilayer membrane structure and they are enriched with diverse bioactive molecules particularly proteins and RNAs, which are widely reported to be delivered and packaged in exosomes. This review is focused on the two recently identified membraneless NVEPs, exomeres and supermeres, to provide an overview of their biogenesis and contents, particularly those bioactive substances linked to their bio-properties. This review also explains the concepts and characteristics of these nanoparticles, to compare them with other EVPs, especially EVs, as well as to discuss their isolation and identification methods, research interests, potential clinical applications and open questions.

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来源期刊

Bioactive Materials Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

28.00

自引率

6.30%

发文量

436

审稿时长

20 days

期刊介绍： Bioactive Materials is a peer-reviewed research publication that focuses on advancements in bioactive materials. The journal accepts research papers, reviews, and rapid communications in the field of next-generation biomaterials that interact with cells, tissues, and organs in various living organisms. The primary goal of Bioactive Materials is to promote the science and engineering of biomaterials that exhibit adaptiveness to the biological environment. These materials are specifically designed to stimulate or direct appropriate cell and tissue responses or regulate interactions with microorganisms. The journal covers a wide range of bioactive materials, including those that are engineered or designed in terms of their physical form (e.g. particulate, fiber), topology (e.g. porosity, surface roughness), or dimensions (ranging from macro to nano-scales). Contributions are sought from the following categories of bioactive materials: Bioactive metals and alloys Bioactive inorganics: ceramics, glasses, and carbon-based materials Bioactive polymers and gels Bioactive materials derived from natural sources Bioactive composites These materials find applications in human and veterinary medicine, such as implants, tissue engineering scaffolds, cell/drug/gene carriers, as well as imaging and sensing devices.