Manganese oxide/biomass porous carbon anode additive derived from apricot peel for high-performance lead-carbon batteries

The negative plate additive can significantly enhance the performance of lead-carbon batteries (LCBs). In this study, manganese oxide/reaming apricot shell carbon composite (Mn-RASC) as a negative additive was prepared by employing a simple KOH activation of apricot shells and a hydrothermal strategy to enhance the electrochemical properties of the LCBs. The additive is constructed to alleviate the irreversible sulfation of the negative plate in the high-rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC). And the results illustrate that the initial discharge capacity of the Mn-RASC-modified lead-carbon battery is 153.01 mAh/g, surpassing the 83.37 mAh/g of the blank control group battery. Additionally, the cycle life of the Mn-RASC-modified lead-carbon battery reaches 15,188 cycles, 8.7 times longer than that of the blank control group battery (1744 cycles). Manganese oxide doping onto the electrode surface can achieve more charge transfer under a redox reaction, which is conducive to lowering the internal resistance and improving the conversion rate of the negative active material, thus effectively inhibiting the irreversible sulfation of the negative plate. In addition, the application of Mn-RASC also considers the inhibition of hydrogen evolution, thus comprehensively improving the cycle life of the battery. The successful preparation of Mn-RASC also provides a feasible solution for the design and synthesis of negative additives for LCBs.