Recent advances in catalysts for selective hydrogenation of nitro compound

Amines are essential in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and fine chemicals, typically produced via catalytic hydrogenation of nitro compounds. However, the development of catalysts that exhibit high activity, selectivity, and stability for hydrogenation remains a significant challenge. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in thermal catalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic methods for the selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds. The review begins with an analysis of the reduction mechanisms of nitro compounds, followed by a detailed examination of the latest developments in catalysts, including nano-catalysts, single-atom catalysts, and diatomic catalysts, for nitro compound reduction. Finally, future research directions, challenges, and emerging trends are discussed, providing insights for ongoing and future studies in nitro compound reduction.