NEW FUNCTIONALIZED QUINAZOLINES AS POTENTIAL AGENTS AGAINST HEAD AND NECK AND LUNG CANCER

Introduction/Justification

Lung cancer (LC) and head and neck cancer (HNC) are high incidence tumors around the world. Patients with the tumors have been treated for years with cisplatin alone or in combination with other agents. More recently, hyperexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified in most LC and HNC, and anti-EGFR agents have been incorporated into the treatment of tumor carriers. However, a substantial number of patients with tumors still die, which justifies the search for new antineoplastic agents.

Objectives

Evaluate the antiproliferative activity of new functionalized quinazolines against FaDu, HaCat, SCC-25 and NCI-H460 cell lines.

Materials and Methods

The quinazolines (Q1-Q6) were synthesized in the Laboratory of Synthesis of Natural Products and Drugs (Institute of Chemistry, Unicamp). Non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460), squamous cell pharyngeal cancer (FaDu), squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCC-25), and epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) were selected for this study, and all cell lines comply with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 10993-5 and ISO 10993-1). The cytotoxicity of each compound in the cell lines was determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Cisplatin and gefitinib were used as positive controls. MTT is captured by cells and reduced intra-cellularly in a mitochondrion-dependent reaction to yield a formazan product. The ability of cells to reduce MTT provides an indication of their intactness and mitochondrial activity that serves as a measure of viability. After a 48 h incubation with compounds (seven concentrations on a logarithmic scale from 1 to 1000 µg.mL-1), the plates were centrifuged to pellet the cells, the supernatant was removed, and 10 µL of MTT (Sigma, M5665) dissolved in 100 µL of phosphate-buffered saline (Sigma P4417) was added followed by incubation for 4 h at 37°C in a humid, 5% CO₂ atmosphere. After this period, the plates were centrifuged again, the supernatant was removed, and the insoluble formazan crystals were dissolved in 150 µL of Isopropyl alcohol. The absorbance was read in a Synergy ELISA plate reader (Bio Tek Instruments, Highland Park, Winooski, USA) at 570 nm. The results were expressed as percentage inhibition relative to control cells (considered as 100%).

Results

Compounds Q1 and Q6 showed no cytotoxic activity. The synthetic intermediate, Q2 and the target compound Q3 showed an unexpected but interesting cytotoxic activity for the HaCat cells. Compound Q4 showed strong and selective cytotoxic activity against the FaDu cells. Analyzing the NCI-H460 cells, compound Q5 showed strong and selective cytotoxic activity.

Conclusion

Compounds Q2 and Q3 deserve attention as potential agents for the treatment of actinic keratosis patients. The Q4 and Q5 compounds emerge as new potential agents for the treatment of patients with HNC and LC, respectively. Studies focusing on response and toxicity to agents in animal models are necessary to verify the efficacy and safety of agents before starting studies in humans.