One Health and the Exposome: providing insights for wildlife health and reproduction

Although anthropogenic activities are often responsible for the loss of biodiversity, humans are not immune from the adverse consequences of diminishing wildlife populations and the resulting declines in ecosystem resilience and health. The adverse effects of the changing environment and specifically their influence on the reproduction and overall fitness of wildlife and humans alike are pertinent to the topic of this special issue. This article will consider environmental factors that influence wildlife health and biodiversity and affect human health and discuss approaches to evaluate status, monitor change, and develop interventions. Examples and further reading will be provided as well as a case study illustrating the utility of the One Health and Exposome conceptual frameworks as approaches for interventions and restoration. Finally, exposomics provides an emerging diagnostic for wildlife health and exposure to environmental stressors that should be developed and optimized for use in the field to assess the condition and risk for wildlife populations.