Investigating hydrocarbon potential utilizing isopach maps in the paleo-environment of the external Fars region, Zagros fold-thrust belt

The Middle East serves as a vital center for global energy production, largely attributable to its vast hydrocarbon reserves, especially within the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt (ZFTB). This study specifically investigates the influence of the Nezamabad Fault on sedimentation and hydrocarbon accumulation within the external Fars region. Advanced methodologies— including isopach maps and basin modeling—were employed to examine the spatial distribution of source rocks, reservoir rocks, and cap rocks around the Nezamabad Fault. Notably, the findings reveal that the Nezamabad Fault functions as a significant basement fault, actively controlling hydrocarbon distribution during geological epochs. The isopach maps show significant differences in formation thickness, which reflect variations in regional stress patterns. This differential stress has been fundamental in forming fractures, folds, and structural traps, critical for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The analyses indicate that areas adjacent to the Nezamabad Fault demonstrate potential for successful drilling efforts, especially within the Fahliyan and Sarvak Formations, which have shown consistent thickness patterns, suggesting stable sedimentation conditions. Conversely, the Ilam and Gurpi Formations exhibited significant thickness variations influenced by tectonic activity, indicating a more complex sedimentological environment. The integration of isopach data with geomechanical modeling and geological insights has enhanced the understanding of the complex relationships between stress dynamics and hydrocarbon potential in the ZFTB. These findings have significant implications, providing a foundation for refining exploration and production strategies to optimize hydrocarbon extraction in this energy-rich region. Additionally, the critical role of basement faults in hydrocarbon systems has been highlighted, paving the way for future research aimed at improving resource utilization in the Middle East.