The future of surgical training – what would the ideal postgraduate surgical training programme look like in 2035?

This essay explores the evolving landscape of surgical training and practice, anticipating changes in healthcare over the next decade. This proposes a forward-looking curriculum for postgraduate surgical training in 2035, considering societal shifts, technological advancements, and the growing complexity of patient care. The training program should align with the Social Efficiency ideology, ensuring it meets the needs of patients, healthcare stakeholders, and future surgeons. Key updates in curriculum content are predicted to include clinical complexity, the integration of emerging technologies such as genomics, bioengineering, and non-invasive surgery, and a focus on sustainable practice. The increasing burden of chronic diseases, disability, and an ageing population will necessitate the development of surgeons equipped to handle complex cases. Additionally, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), virtual training (VT), and innovative technologies will reshape training methodologies, offering new opportunities for skill development and assessment. Challenges to traditional workplace-based learning, including increased clinical responsibilities and case diversity, suggest a shift to trainee-centered, outcomes-based models. Ultimately, the 2035 surgical training programme should adapt to societal needs, technological progress, and evolving patient expectations, ensuring that future surgeons are well-prepared for a dynamic and complex healthcare environment.