A comprehensive review of blockchain with artificial intelligence integration for enhancing food safety and quality control

Food safety and quality control are some of the biggest hurdles in today's global food supply chain, with complex networks, contamination risks, and limited transparency undermining efficiency. This review introduces a novel hybrid framework that uniquely integrates blockchain technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) to address these persistent issues. An analysis of 525 studies conducted between 2019 and has led to the selection of 70 papers that focus on the review of AI applications utilizing blockchain technology. The proposed model does not take the conventional route in that it solves critical issues regarding scalability, computational requirements, and integration complexities with IoT-based data collection and energy-efficient algorithms applied in supply chain logistic processes and operations. This method enhances the real-time processing of supply chain logistics while respecting privacy and conforming to standard practices. The model promotes unprecedented transparency, trust, and operational efficiency in food safety by integrating AI, blockchain, and IoT, thus generating new and scalable solutions to protect consumer interests and safety in logistics. This combination improves the trust of consumers also, enhances the safety of food and logistics, improving novel safety solutions for food.