Review of the biology and management of large patch of warm-season turfgrasses

Large patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn: anastomosis group [AG] 2-2) is a destructive disease in warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, particularly zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.). Developing as an orange or tan color, the disease starts as small, round patches that can eventually progress to several meters in diameter. Large patch results in reduced turfgrass health, loss of turfgrass aesthetics, and playability concerns. There have been many studies conducted on the pathology, development, and management of large patch in turfgrass, yet there are gaps in the literature that must be addressed by the turfgrass community. This review addresses current research needs for large patch on turfgrass, and it also provides a comprehensive summary of all previously published research on the disease. Specifically, the review focuses on the highly sophisticated complex of Rhizoctonia solani, along with the many changes that have occurred with the species complex throughout previous research. This review also highlights the common management methods for large patch, including many cultural practices, but the details of chemical and biological control research are emphasized. The objective of this paper is to provide an intensive review on the completed work for large patch as well as illustrate potential areas that require further research.