Hydropower-driven electric vehicle infrastructure in the Himalayan region: Integration dynamics and strategic SWOT analysis for sustainable transportation

The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) holds major hydroelectric power potential which makes it an ideal domain for substantial renewable energy (RE) integration with electric vehicle (EV) systems in the transport sector. A conceptual model of hydroelectric vehicle integration for IHR uses smart grids with energy management systems (EMS) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies to optimize power delivery while strengthening the network stability and minimizing expenses with dynamic load systems controlled by battery energy storage systems (BESS). The integration model provides solutions for the area's challenges like rugged terrain, scattered dwellings and power generation irregularity through distributed small-scale networks and multiple energy systems. Smooth energy integration depends on both policy incentives and hybrid grids as well as advanced charging systems which the study stresses as vital elements. A strategic SWOT analysis identifies key strengths, including energy security, job creation, and emission reduction, alongside weaknesses like infrastructure limitations and policy fragmentation, and threats from climate change and supply chain disruptions. This paper presents innovative policies for regional transportation system transformation through customized strategies developed from international insights addressed to policymakers, energy planners and investors.