Exploring hadron-quark phase transition in heavy-ion collisions using particle emission ratios in heavy and light reaction systems

Based on the AMPT model, which incorporates both hadronic and quark degrees of freedom, we studied the productions of lambda, kaon, proton, and pion in reaction systems ⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca, ⁴⁸Ca+⁴⁸Ca, and ¹⁹⁷Au+¹⁹⁷Au. It is found that the ratios of identical particle emissions from heavy and light reaction systems, especially the emission ratios of strange particles ${\Lambda }^0$ or K⁺ in heavy and light reaction systems, are highly sensitive to the hadron-quark phase transition in heavy-ion collisions. Detailed explanations and validations of these results are given.