{"title":"微波和超声波预处理水热液化大型藻类生物油品质的比较分析。","authors":"Ziba Borazjani, Farzad Bayat Mastalinezhad, Shahriar Osfouri, Reza Azin","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36375-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) offers a sustainable method for producing bio-oil from algal biomass. Evaluating the microwave- and ultrasonic-pretreatment HTL and examining the quality of bio-oil obtained from HTL of marine macroalgae, namely <i>Sargassum</i> and <i>Caulerpa</i>, are the main objectives and novelty behind this work. Algal feedstocks were pretreated by microwave (500 W and 600 W) or ultrasonic (50 W and 75 W) before heating up to 350 oC for 35 min in the HTL reactor. Results showed that <i>Sargassum</i> and <i>Caulerpa</i> displayed completely different behaviors in pretreatment. The bio-oil yield from <i>Sargassum</i> went up by increasing microwave and ultrasonic pretreatment power. Although the microwave-assisted HTL of <i>Caulerpa</i> yielded more bio-oil than ultrasonication, it did not achieve the bio-oil production levels of the conventional HTL process. The highest yield and HHV of bio-oil were obtained for 22.4 wt% and 35.56 MJ/kg for <i>Sargassum</i> with microwave pretreatment, while the pretreatment power had a negative effect on those from <i>Caulerpa</i> by decreasing quantity and quality. It was also found that 56.41% of the bio-oil components were acids for <i>Caulerpa</i>, and 34.6% were ketones for <i>Sargassum</i> under conventional HTL. Thermal weight loss analysis showed that 70.4% of the bio-oil derived from <i>Sargassum</i> obtained by HTL following ultrasonic pretreatment possesses a boiling point below 243 °C which suggests the higher quality of the bio-oil derived from <i>Sargassum</i> with a significant proportion of lighter compounds. The results indicate that the bio-oil obtained from <i>Sargassum</i> had a higher quantity and quality than that for <i>Caulerpa</i>. Besides, the carbon recovery of bio-oil indicated the highest amount of carbon (70.12 wt%) was achieved through the microwave pretreatment of <i>Sargassum</i>. Also, differences in the cellular structure of the raw materials resulted in different quality and quantity of bio-oil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"32 17","pages":"11179 - 11198"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparative analysis of bio-oil quality from macroalgae via microwave and ultrasonic pretreatment subjected to hydrothermal liquefaction\",\"authors\":\"Ziba Borazjani, Farzad Bayat Mastalinezhad, Shahriar Osfouri, Reza Azin\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11356-025-36375-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) offers a sustainable method for producing bio-oil from algal biomass. Evaluating the microwave- and ultrasonic-pretreatment HTL and examining the quality of bio-oil obtained from HTL of marine macroalgae, namely <i>Sargassum</i> and <i>Caulerpa</i>, are the main objectives and novelty behind this work. Algal feedstocks were pretreated by microwave (500 W and 600 W) or ultrasonic (50 W and 75 W) before heating up to 350 oC for 35 min in the HTL reactor. Results showed that <i>Sargassum</i> and <i>Caulerpa</i> displayed completely different behaviors in pretreatment. The bio-oil yield from <i>Sargassum</i> went up by increasing microwave and ultrasonic pretreatment power. Although the microwave-assisted HTL of <i>Caulerpa</i> yielded more bio-oil than ultrasonication, it did not achieve the bio-oil production levels of the conventional HTL process. The highest yield and HHV of bio-oil were obtained for 22.4 wt% and 35.56 MJ/kg for <i>Sargassum</i> with microwave pretreatment, while the pretreatment power had a negative effect on those from <i>Caulerpa</i> by decreasing quantity and quality. It was also found that 56.41% of the bio-oil components were acids for <i>Caulerpa</i>, and 34.6% were ketones for <i>Sargassum</i> under conventional HTL. Thermal weight loss analysis showed that 70.4% of the bio-oil derived from <i>Sargassum</i> obtained by HTL following ultrasonic pretreatment possesses a boiling point below 243 °C which suggests the higher quality of the bio-oil derived from <i>Sargassum</i> with a significant proportion of lighter compounds. The results indicate that the bio-oil obtained from <i>Sargassum</i> had a higher quantity and quality than that for <i>Caulerpa</i>. Besides, the carbon recovery of bio-oil indicated the highest amount of carbon (70.12 wt%) was achieved through the microwave pretreatment of <i>Sargassum</i>. Also, differences in the cellular structure of the raw materials resulted in different quality and quantity of bio-oil.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":545,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Science and Pollution Research\",\"volume\":\"32 17\",\"pages\":\"11179 - 11198\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Science and Pollution Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-025-36375-7\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"0\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-025-36375-7","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative analysis of bio-oil quality from macroalgae via microwave and ultrasonic pretreatment subjected to hydrothermal liquefaction
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) offers a sustainable method for producing bio-oil from algal biomass. Evaluating the microwave- and ultrasonic-pretreatment HTL and examining the quality of bio-oil obtained from HTL of marine macroalgae, namely Sargassum and Caulerpa, are the main objectives and novelty behind this work. Algal feedstocks were pretreated by microwave (500 W and 600 W) or ultrasonic (50 W and 75 W) before heating up to 350 oC for 35 min in the HTL reactor. Results showed that Sargassum and Caulerpa displayed completely different behaviors in pretreatment. The bio-oil yield from Sargassum went up by increasing microwave and ultrasonic pretreatment power. Although the microwave-assisted HTL of Caulerpa yielded more bio-oil than ultrasonication, it did not achieve the bio-oil production levels of the conventional HTL process. The highest yield and HHV of bio-oil were obtained for 22.4 wt% and 35.56 MJ/kg for Sargassum with microwave pretreatment, while the pretreatment power had a negative effect on those from Caulerpa by decreasing quantity and quality. It was also found that 56.41% of the bio-oil components were acids for Caulerpa, and 34.6% were ketones for Sargassum under conventional HTL. Thermal weight loss analysis showed that 70.4% of the bio-oil derived from Sargassum obtained by HTL following ultrasonic pretreatment possesses a boiling point below 243 °C which suggests the higher quality of the bio-oil derived from Sargassum with a significant proportion of lighter compounds. The results indicate that the bio-oil obtained from Sargassum had a higher quantity and quality than that for Caulerpa. Besides, the carbon recovery of bio-oil indicated the highest amount of carbon (70.12 wt%) was achieved through the microwave pretreatment of Sargassum. Also, differences in the cellular structure of the raw materials resulted in different quality and quantity of bio-oil.
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) serves the international community in all areas of Environmental Science and related subjects with emphasis on chemical compounds. This includes:
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