Green Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Crinum Asiaticum Leaf Extracts for Biomedical Applications

Zinc oxide nanoparticles are increasingly recognized for their applications in optics, electronics, food packaging, and biomedical research. This study investigates the green synthesis of ZnONPs using leaf extracts from Crinum asiaticum, a tropical plant. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and particle size analysis. The ZnONPs exhibited a strong UV–Vis absorption peak at 399 nm and a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Increasing the volume of plant extract enhanced crystallinity, as evidenced by higher peak intensities, narrower full width at half maximum, and well-defined diffraction peaks. FTIR analysis revealed functional groups in the plant extract interacting with ZnONPs, with higher extract volumes introducing additional functional groups that improved nanoparticle stability, size, and structural order. This study highlights the potential of Crinum asiaticum leaf extract as an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for ZnONP synthesis, underscoring the importance of extract volume optimization for tailoring nanoparticle properties.