基于大数据库的西南喀斯特地区极端降雨和坡面条件对径流侵蚀影响评估

IF 6.3 1区地球科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Journal of Hydrology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133273

Siqi Zhang, Keli Zhang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

极端降雨频率和变异性的增加正在加剧全球土壤侵蚀风险。然而，在西南喀斯特地区，极端降雨和非均匀坡面条件对径流和土壤流失的协同效应仍未得到充分量化。本研究编制了来自贵州省16个监测点（2006-2022年）的1718个径流样年数据集，涵盖了不同的土地利用类型——裸地、农田、草地、灌丛、果园和林地。评估了极端降雨、土地利用/覆盖和地形因子对喀斯特山坡径流和侵蚀的影响，并利用多元回归和通径分析量化了它们的相对贡献。结果表明：(1)极端降雨，即降水量(P)超过57.05 mm或最大30分钟强度（I30）为41.89 mm·h−1，与正常降雨相比，径流放大2.35 ~ 4.83倍，土壤侵蚀放大4.12 ~ 21.07倍，对各土地利用类型总径流量和土壤流失量的贡献率分别为36.00 ~ 47.87%和40.14 ~ 74.20%。(2)喀斯特坡面年径流系数较低（裸地<； 10%，耕地约2%，植被约1%）。裸地的侵蚀最严重（1733.93 t·km−2·yr−1），其次是农田（286.13 t·km−2·yr−1），而植被地（11.05-56.04 t·km−2·yr−1）被限制在一个可容忍的水平。(3)坡面坡度对侵蚀呈非线性响应，裸地坡面坡度的临界阈值为18.73°，植被坡面坡度的临界阈值为32.56°，超过该阈值侵蚀速率衰减。(4)产流主要受降雨深度(P)的调控，而土壤侵蚀主要受径流深度（RD）和30分钟最大强度（I30）的调控，坡度(S)、前向土壤含水量（SWC）和植被性状是主要调节因子。然而，喀斯特景观中地表和地下相互作用的复杂性限制了模型的解释力，只捕获了不超过60%的径流和侵蚀变异性。这些发现为可持续土地管理和政策干预提供了重要见解，以缓解脆弱的喀斯特生态系统中的土壤侵蚀和防治石漠化。

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Assessing the impact of extreme rainfall and slope surface conditions on runoff and erosion based on a big database in Southwest China’s karst region

The increasing frequency and variability of extreme rainfall are escalating soil erosion risks globally. However, the synergistic effects of extreme rainfall and heterogeneous slope surface conditions on runoff and soil loss remain poorly quantified in Southwest China’s karst regions. This study compiled a dataset of 1,718 runoff plot-years from 16 monitoring sites in Guizhou Province (2006–2022) spanning diverse land use types—bareland, cropland, grassland, shrubland, orchard, and forestland. The effects of extreme rainfall, land use/cover, and topographic factors on runoff and erosion on karst hillslopes were assessed, with their relative contributions quantified using multivariate regression and path analysis. Results show that: (1) Extreme rainfall, defined as precipitation (P) exceeding 57.05 mm or maximum 30-minute intensity (I₃₀) of 41.89 mm·h⁻¹, amplifies runoff by 2.35- to 4.83-fold and soil erosion by 4.12- to 21.07-fold compared to normal rainfall, contributing 36.00–47.87 % of total runoff and 40.14–74.20 % of soil loss across land uses. (2) Karst slopes exhibited low annual runoff coefficients (<10 % for bare land, ∼2 % for cropland, and ∼ 1 % for vegetated lands). Erosion is most severe on bare land (1,733.93 t·km⁻²·yr⁻¹), followed by cropland (286.13 t·km⁻²·yr⁻¹), whereas vegetated lands (11.05–56.04 t·km⁻²·yr⁻¹) was constrained to a tolerable level. (3) Erosion exhibited a non-linear response to slope gradient, with critical thresholds at 18.73° for bareland and 32.56° for vegetated slopes, beyond which erosion rates attenuated. (4) Runoff generation is chiefly regulated by rainfall depth (P), whereas soil erosion is dominated by runoff depth (RD) and 30-minute maximum intensity (I₃₀), with slope gradient (S), antecedent soil water content (SWC), and vegetation traits as key mediators. However, the complexity of surface and subsurface interactions in karst landscapes limits the model’s explanatory power, capturing no more than 60 % of runoff and erosion variability. These findings provide critical insights for sustainable land management and policy interventions to mitigate soil erosion and combat rocky desertification in fragile karst ecosystems.

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来源期刊

Journal of Hydrology 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

12.50%

发文量

1309

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hydrology publishes original research papers and comprehensive reviews in all the subfields of the hydrological sciences including water based management and policy issues that impact on economics and society. These comprise, but are not limited to the physical, chemical, biogeochemical, stochastic and systems aspects of surface and groundwater hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydrogeology. Relevant topics incorporating the insights and methodologies of disciplines such as climatology, water resource systems, hydraulics, agrohydrology, geomorphology, soil science, instrumentation and remote sensing, civil and environmental engineering are included. Social science perspectives on hydrological problems such as resource and ecological economics, environmental sociology, psychology and behavioural science, management and policy analysis are also invited. Multi-and interdisciplinary analyses of hydrological problems are within scope. The science published in the Journal of Hydrology is relevant to catchment scales rather than exclusively to a local scale or site.