宠物饲养和动物辅助治疗对自杀意念和自杀死亡的影响：范围综述

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

European Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100309

Carl Zhou , Nicholas Fabiano , Stanley Wong , Philip Yu , Henry Cheng , Risa Shorr , Marco Solmi

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引用次数: 0

摘要

关于动物治疗益处的研究越来越多。然而，它们对自杀相关结果（如自杀意念（SI）、自杀企图（SA）和自杀死亡）的影响尚不清楚。本综述整合了现有的关于宠物所有权和动物辅助治疗（AAT）对自杀相关结果的作用的文献。方法截至2025年3月10日，对MEDLINE、EMBASE和PsycINFO进行符合prisma标准的系统检索。文章报道了养宠物或AAT对SI、SA或自杀死亡的影响。筛选和数据提取分两份进行，除病例报告和访谈外，每个研究设计使用适当的工具评估偏倚风险。对研究结果进行描述性总结。结果纳入25项研究：1项随机对照试验、5项前后研究、2项队列研究、1项病例对照研究、3项病例报告/系列研究和13项调查/访谈。对于养宠物，一项队列研究（n=709）发现与狗相处的时间与SI呈正相关（r=0.17, p<0.001）。另外两项观察性研究对自杀死亡没有显著影响。对于AAT，一项退伍军人（n=71）的研究前和研究后报告了显著的SI降低（t(54)=4.87, p<0.001），而另一项青少年（n=30）的研究前和研究后也发现了显著的SI降低(χ 2 McNemar=6.75；术中,0.05)。其他四项实验研究，包括一项随机对照试验，得出了不显著的结果。定性研究结果表明，养宠物和AAT可能对SI有明显的保护作用。没有关于SA的文章报道。大多数文章具有高或中等偏倚风险。结论：虽然有报道认为养宠物和AAT对自杀有保护作用，但养宠物和AAT与自杀、SA和自杀死亡之间的关系尚无定论。未来的研究应该集中在高质量的、严格的方法、大规模的、具有标准化结果测量的实验研究上，以阐明动物在自杀预防中的作用。

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Impact of pet ownership and animal-assisted therapy on suicidal ideation and suicide deaths: A scoping review

Background

There is growing research on therapeutic benefits of animals. However, their impact on suicide-related outcomes such as suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and suicide deaths remains unclear. This scoping review consolidates existing literature on the role of pet ownership and animal assisted therapy (AAT) on suicide-related outcomes.

Methods

A PRISMA-compliant systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO was conducted up to March 10, 2025. Articles reporting the impact of pet ownership or AAT on SI, SA, or suicide deaths were included. Screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate, with risk of bias assessed using appropriate tools for each study design except for case reports and interviews. Study findings were descriptively summarized.

Results

25 studies were included: one RCT, five pre- and post-studies, two cohort studies, one case-control study, three case reports/series, and 13 surveys/interviews. For pet ownership, a cohort study (n=709) found a positive association between time with dog and SI (r=0.17, p<0.001). Two other observational studies yielded non-significant results against suicide deaths. For AAT, one pre- and post-study of veterans (n=71) reported significant SI reductions (t(54)=4.87, p<0.001) while another pre- and post-study of adolescents (n=30) also found significant SI reductions (χ² McNemar=6.75; p<0.05). Four other experimental studies, including one RCT, yielded non-significant results. Qualitative findings suggested pet ownership and AAT may have a perceived protective effect against SI. No articles reported on SA. Most articles had a high or moderate risk of bias.

Conclusion

While there is a reported perceived protective effect of pet ownership and AAT against SI, the evidence for pet ownership and AAT remains inconclusive in relations to SI, SA, and suicide deaths. Future research should focus on high-quality with stringent methodology, large-scale, experimental studies with standardized outcome measures to clarify the role of animals in suicide prevention.

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来源期刊

European Journal of Psychiatry PSYCHIATRY-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： The European journal of psychiatry is a quarterly publication founded in 1986 and directed by Professor Seva until his death in 2004. It was originally intended to report “the scientific activity of European psychiatrists” and “to bring about a greater degree of communication” among them. However, “since scientific knowledge has no geographical or cultural boundaries, is open to contributions from all over the world”. These principles are maintained in the new stage of the journal, now expanded with the help of an American editor.