Alexandra Smychkovich, Samantha Glaze-Corcoran, Ashley Keiser, Masoud Hashemi
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The goal was to assess the potential nutrient contributions from fall-planted CC to spring-planted successor crops in a no-till system. Additionally, we sought to characterize the relationship between the quality of root and aerial litter and various decomposition parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A replicated field experiment was conducted to evaluate fall CC biomass, nutrient accumulation, and spring decomposition dynamics, which were evaluated using litterbags. A first-order exponential decay model was applied to quantify CC decay rate (<em>k</em>), N release (<em>kn</em>), C release (<em>kc</em>), and the relative rates of C and N release (<em>kc:kn</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fall-planted CC produce significant amounts of C (787.7 – 1190.4 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> C) during their growing period, potentially contributing to SOC accumulation in agricultural systems. The CC species showed varying potentials for N supply to succeeding crops, with FP, DR and CC mixture likely enhancing plant-available N in soils during spring decomposition, while oat likely contributed to net soil N immobilization. Litter quality was a better predictor of aerial decomposition than root decomposition. Initial moisture and hemicellulose content strongly influenced the decomposition and nutrient release rates in aerial residues, but not in root residues.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicate that the rates of decomposition for surface and root residues, as well as spring nutrient release, are influenced by CC species used in no-till cropping systems. Moreover, the dynamics of aerial and root decomposition differ, suggesting that roots and shoots of CC should be considered independently in undisturbed vegetable cropping systems.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>These findings enhance our understanding of the role of annual CC in nutrient cycling in no-till agricultural systems, thereby improving our ability to enhance soil health and promote the sustainability of cropping systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 109902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessing the root and shoot composition, decomposition, carbon contribution and nitrogen mineralization trends of single species and mixed cover crops\",\"authors\":\"Alexandra Smychkovich, Samantha Glaze-Corcoran, Ashley Keiser, Masoud Hashemi\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.fcr.2025.109902\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Annual cover crops (CC) planted in the fall can enhance nutrient cycling in no-till vegetable cropping systems by recycling nutrients to succeeding crops and improving long-term soil health. However, our knowledge of the decomposition dynamics and nutrient release of both aboveground and belowground portions of CC in no-till systems remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to quantify the fall biomass, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) accumulation, and spring decomposition and nutrient release of the roots and aerial parts of three common CC species, oat (<em>Avena sativa</em>), field pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em>) (FP), daikon radish (<em>Raphanus sativus</em>) (DR) and their mixture. The goal was to assess the potential nutrient contributions from fall-planted CC to spring-planted successor crops in a no-till system. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在秋季种植一年生覆盖作物(CC)可以通过将养分循环给后续作物和改善长期土壤健康来促进免耕蔬菜种植系统的养分循环。然而,我们对免耕系统中CC地上部分和地下部分的分解动态和养分释放的了解仍然有限。目的定量研究燕麦(Avena sativa)、豌豆(Pisum sativum)、白萝卜(Raphanus sativus)及其混合物3种常见CC植物根系和地上部分秋季生物量、氮(N)和碳(C)积累、春季分解和养分释放。目的是评估免耕制度下秋播CC对春播后继作物的潜在养分贡献。此外,我们试图描述根系和空中凋落物质量与各种分解参数之间的关系。方法采用重复田间试验,利用垃圾袋评价秋季CC生物量、养分积累和春季分解动态。采用一阶指数衰减模型量化了CC衰减率(k)、N释放量(kn)、C释放量(kc)和C、N相对释放率(kc:kn)。结果秋种CC在生育期产生大量的C(787.7 - 1190.4 kg ha−1 C),可能有助于农业系统中有机碳的积累。不同的CC品种对后续作物的氮供应潜力不同,FP、DR和CC混合物可能在春季分解过程中增加土壤中植物有效氮,而燕麦可能有助于土壤净氮的固定。凋落物质量比根系分解更能预测空气分解。初始水分和半纤维素含量对地上残体的分解和养分释放速率影响较大,对根残体的分解和养分释放速率影响较小。结论免耕制度下,土壤表层和根系残留物的分解速率以及春季养分释放受秸秆秸秆种类的影响。此外,空气分解和根系分解的动态不同,表明在无扰动的蔬菜种植系统中,应单独考虑CC的根和芽。这些发现增强了我们对年CC在免耕农业系统养分循环中的作用的理解,从而提高了我们改善土壤健康和促进种植系统可持续性的能力。
Assessing the root and shoot composition, decomposition, carbon contribution and nitrogen mineralization trends of single species and mixed cover crops
Context
Annual cover crops (CC) planted in the fall can enhance nutrient cycling in no-till vegetable cropping systems by recycling nutrients to succeeding crops and improving long-term soil health. However, our knowledge of the decomposition dynamics and nutrient release of both aboveground and belowground portions of CC in no-till systems remains limited.
Objective
This study aimed to quantify the fall biomass, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) accumulation, and spring decomposition and nutrient release of the roots and aerial parts of three common CC species, oat (Avena sativa), field pea (Pisum sativum) (FP), daikon radish (Raphanus sativus) (DR) and their mixture. The goal was to assess the potential nutrient contributions from fall-planted CC to spring-planted successor crops in a no-till system. Additionally, we sought to characterize the relationship between the quality of root and aerial litter and various decomposition parameters.
Methods
A replicated field experiment was conducted to evaluate fall CC biomass, nutrient accumulation, and spring decomposition dynamics, which were evaluated using litterbags. A first-order exponential decay model was applied to quantify CC decay rate (k), N release (kn), C release (kc), and the relative rates of C and N release (kc:kn).
Results
Fall-planted CC produce significant amounts of C (787.7 – 1190.4 kg ha−1 C) during their growing period, potentially contributing to SOC accumulation in agricultural systems. The CC species showed varying potentials for N supply to succeeding crops, with FP, DR and CC mixture likely enhancing plant-available N in soils during spring decomposition, while oat likely contributed to net soil N immobilization. Litter quality was a better predictor of aerial decomposition than root decomposition. Initial moisture and hemicellulose content strongly influenced the decomposition and nutrient release rates in aerial residues, but not in root residues.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the rates of decomposition for surface and root residues, as well as spring nutrient release, are influenced by CC species used in no-till cropping systems. Moreover, the dynamics of aerial and root decomposition differ, suggesting that roots and shoots of CC should be considered independently in undisturbed vegetable cropping systems.
Implications
These findings enhance our understanding of the role of annual CC in nutrient cycling in no-till agricultural systems, thereby improving our ability to enhance soil health and promote the sustainability of cropping systems.
期刊介绍:
Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on:
√ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels
on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems,
with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.