A case report of anti-AMPAR encephalitis with involuntary limb shaking and aphasia.

Rationale: Anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isozolipropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis mediated by anti-AMPAR antibodies produced on the surface of neuronal cells. Anti-AMPAR encephalitis has a variety of clinical manifestations, the common clinical manifestations are characterized by borderline encephalitis, including short-term memory loss, confusion, behavioral abnormalities, and seizures.

Patient concerns: Here we report a case of anti-AMPAR encephalitis in an adolescent female with aphasia as the first symptom of involuntary limb shaking.

Diagnoses: The diagnosis of anti-AMPAR encephalitis is based on clinical symptoms and further detection of serum antibodies.

Interventions and outcomes: The patient responded well to intravenous methylprednisolone combined with immunoglobulin treatment, and her limbs no longer shook and her speech was fluent.

Lessons: Early diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis is challenging due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations. Our patient was initially diagnosed with involuntary limb movement, so we should conduct further research on symptoms associated with autoimmune encephalitis.