Research Progress on the Extraction, Structure Elucidation, Biological Activities, and Drug Carrier Applications of Polygonati Rhizom Polysaccharides

As widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and nutritional food, Polygonati Rhizom is known for its diverse pharmacological properties, including hematopoiesis, immune enhancement, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, antiviral, and hepatoprotection. Polygonati Rhizom polysaccharides (PRPs) are primary bioactive compounds that are water-soluble and mainly comprise fructose (Fru), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), rhamnose (Rha), fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galacturonic acid (GalA). Meanwhile, different extraction methods, such as hot water and ultrasonic extractions, can significantly affect the yield of PRPs, Additionally, PRPs were also reported to hold promising potential as a drug carrier. Herein, the extraction, structure elucidation, biological activities, and drug carrier applications of PRPs are systematically summarized, providing reference for the further research and development of Polygonati Rhizom.