Evaluating the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy versus chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy: a retrospective study.

Background: Locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) is challenging to treat, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) improving survival. Recent advances suggest that neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) may enhance treatment outcomes. This study compares the efficacy and safety of NICT with NCT in LAGC patients who received radical surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 67 LAGC patients treated at China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: NICT (chemotherapy plus PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) and NCT (standard chemotherapy). We compared pathological complete response (pCR), postoperative recovery, complications, and laboratory markers.

Results: The NICT group demonstrated a significantly higher pCR rate (25.7% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.032) compared to the NCT group. Furthermore, the NICT group showed reduced rates of nerve and vascular invasion (28.6% vs. 31.4%, P = 0.041). Tumor regression grades (P = 0.001) were more favorable in the NICT group, with earlier ypN and ypTNM stages (P = 0.001). Laboratory analysis revealed a greater reduction in tumor markers CEA and CA19-9 in the two groups, with decreased white blood cell counts and elevated liver enzymes. Surgical outcomes, including operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay, were similar between the two groups, with no significant increase in postoperative complications in the NICT group.

Conclusion: NICT is more effective than traditional NCT in improving pathological responses and reducing tumor burden in LAGC patients. It also reduced nerve and vascular invasion without increasing surgical risks.