共生性恒河猴的人格评估:启示与挑战

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Taniya Gill, Anshul Gautam, Jorg J. M. Massen, Debottam Bhattacharjee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

究竟是什么特征让动物在人类主导的环境中茁壮成长,这个问题的答案仍然难以捉摸。一致的个体间差异或个性可以潜在地解释栖息地特定特征的功能意义,这些特征使动物能够与人类共存。恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)是人类世最成功的非人类灵长类动物,生活在多种气候和环境条件下。研究合群恒河猴(即那些在人类栖息地茁壮成长的恒河猴)的个性,可以深入了解促进它们成功的生物学特征。我们计划了一种多方法“自下而上”的行为观察和新奇实验方法,用于评估圈养的非人灵长类动物,以评估成年恒河猴(N = 52)的个性。新奇的实验遇到了巨大的挑战,限制了它们的有效性。因此,我们继续以焦点抽样的形式进行行为观察,发现了两个可重复的特征,主观上被标记为社会紧张和温顺。我们发现性与社会紧张有关联,男性比女性表现出更高的社会紧张。在另一项分析中,我们发现通过接触获取食物的个体比通过非接触获取食物的个体在温顺特征上得分更高。我们讨论了观察到的人格特征如何在人类主导的环境中提供适应优势,在人类环境中,专制的恒河猴面临着生活在人类环境中的利益和成本(包括社会)。我们还强调,为圈养条件设计的协议可能并不直接适用于自由生活的动物。该研究强调需要重新考虑行为实验,以获得圈养和非圈养种群之间的可比测量。这将提高人格评估的生态效度。尽管如此,通过对共生物种的观察来确定其特征,可以为某些动物在快速扩张的人类活动中茁壮成长的机制提供有价值的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Personality Assessment of Synanthropic Rhesus Macaques: Implications and Challenges

Personality Assessment of Synanthropic Rhesus Macaques: Implications and Challenges

Answers to the question of what characteristics allow animals to thrive in human-dominated environments remain elusive. Consistent interindividual differences or personalities can potentially explain the functional significance of habitat-specific traits that enable animals to coexist with humans. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are the most successful nonhuman primates in the Anthropocene, living in diverse climatic and environmental conditions. Studying the personalities of synanthropic rhesus macaques, that is, those that thrive in anthropogenic habitats, can provide insights into the biological traits facilitating their success. We planned a multi-method “bottom-up” approach of behavioral observations and novelty experiments, standardized for assessing captive nonhuman primates, to evaluate the personalities of adult rhesus macaques (N = 52). Novelty experiments encountered significant challenges, limiting their effectiveness. So, we continued with behavioral observations in the form of focal sampling, that revealed two repeatable traits, subjectively labeled as social tension and meekness. We found an association of sex with social tension, where males exhibited higher social tension than females. In an additional analysis, we found that individuals that obtained food through contact provisioning had higher scores for the meekness trait than individuals that obtained food through noncontact provisioning. We discuss how the observed personality traits may offer adaptive advantages in human-dominated environments, where despotic rhesus macaques face both benefits and costs (including social) of living in an anthropogenic setting. We also emphasize that protocols designed for captive conditions may not be directly applicable to free-living animals. The study underscores the need to reconsider behavioral experiments to obtain comparable measures between captive and non-captive populations. This would enhance the ecological validity of personality assessments. Nevertheless, empirically identifying traits using observations in synanthropic species can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms that enable certain animals to thrive amidst a rapid expansion of anthropogenic activities.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike. Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.
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