摘要
本研究侧重于交联羧甲基纤维素（CMC）生物吸附剂的制备和表征，以高效去除水溶液中的 Zn2⁺离子。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查了生物吸附剂的微观结构特征，同时使用元素分析仪进行了元素分析，以确定碳（C）、氢（H）、氮（N）和硫（S）的含量。傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱用于确定生物吸附剂中的官能团。吸附实验表明，增加生物吸附剂的剂量可提高 Zn2⁺的去除率，直至达到平衡。去除 Zn2⁺的最佳 pH 值被确定为≥ 5，这归因于醋酸基团向离子形式的转化。该生物吸附剂具有快速的动力学特性，5 分钟内就能达到 99% 的去除率。该生物吸附剂的最大吸附容量为 10.809 mg/g，pH 值为 5 时的去除率为 99%。 解吸研究表明，使用 0.25 M HCl 溶液可有效回收 Zn2⁺，总解吸率超过 99%。研究结果表明，使用稀酸溶液对生物吸附剂进行再生具有成本效益，从而提高了其在水净化过程中的可持续性和实用性。此外，该生物吸附剂对 Zn2⁺离子的选择性超过了其他竞争离子，而且在处理实际水样（包括含有 Na⁺、K⁺、Ca2⁺ 和 Mg2⁺的水样）时非常有效，这突出表明它适合实际的水净化应用。This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) biosorbent for efficient removal of Zn2⁺ ions from aqueous solutions. The microstructural features of the biosorbent were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while elemental analysis was conducted using an elemental analyzer to determine carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) content. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to identify functional groups within the biosorbent. Sorption experiments revealed that increasing the biosorbent dose led to higher Zn2⁺ removal rates until equilibrium was reached. The optimal pH for Zn2⁺ removal was determined to be ≥ 5, attributed to the conversion of acetate group to its ionic form. Rapid kinetics were observed, with 99% removal achieved within 5 min. The biosorbent exhibited a maximum sorption capacity of 10.809 mg/g and a removal rate of 99% at pH 5. Desorption studies demonstrated efficient Zn2⁺ recovery using 0.25 M HCl solution, with a total desorption rate exceeding 99%. The findings indicate the potential for cost-effective regeneration of the biosorbent using dilute acid solutions, enhancing its sustainability and practical applicability in water purification processes. Additionally, the biosorbent’s selectivity for Zn2⁺ ions over competing ions and its effectiveness in treating real water samples, including those containing Na⁺, K⁺, Ca2⁺, and Mg2⁺, highlight its suitability for practical water purification applications.
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