{"title":"BiFeO3-BaTiO3弛豫铁电陶瓷的强化应变：电场和温度诱导的畴结构演变","authors":"Yi-Jin Hao, Xiao-Qi Gao, Yu-Cheng Tang, Le-Tian Xie, Hao-Yu Xu, Xiao-Xiao Zhou, Jin-Hao Hu, Huan Liu, He-Zhang Li, Bo-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-03139-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-0.3BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics has gained significant attention due to their high Curie temperature (<i>T</i><sub>C</sub> ≥ 450 °C) and excellent piezoelectric properties (<i>d</i><sub>33</sub> ≥ 200 pC·N<sup>−1</sup>). These are particularly pronounced near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region where coexisting rhombohedral and pseudocubic (R-PC) phases are observed. In addition, as the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> content increases, BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics gradually become dominated by a single pseudocubic (PC-) phase. This shift results in a decrease in piezoelectric properties but an enhancement in strain performance. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The high strain properties observed in non-MPB compositions provide a motivation for further investigation into these mechanisms. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the electric-field and temperature-induced domain structure evolution in BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-0.4BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, which is predominately characterized by the PC phase. Piezoresponse force microscope (PFM) observations reveal the presence of nanodomains and stripy domains associated with polar nanoregions (PNRs), as well as relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs) and/or ferroelectrics (FEs). The RFEs exhibit a significantly better strain response than the FEs, providing direct evidence for the enhanced strain properties of RFEs. Elevated-temperature Raman spectroscopy confirms a decrease in B-O bonding and BO<sub>6</sub> deformation, along with an increase in structural symmetry, indicating the formation of RFEs and/or PNRs. The phase diagram shows the Burns temperature (<i>T</i><sub>B</sub>), dielectric maxima temperature (<i>T</i><sub>m</sub>) and freezing temperature (<i>T</i><sub>f</sub>) evaluated from the dielectric spectra; the temperature-induced evolution of domain structures; and the sequential quasi-dielectric states: PNRs, RFEs and FEs. The evolution of the domain structure, including the morphology and ratio of FEs, RFEs and PNRs, induced by either electric-fields or temperature strongly affects the strain properties of RFEs. A superior piezoelectric coefficient of <i>d</i><sub>33</sub><sup>*</sup> = 533 pm·V<sup>−1</sup> at 40 kV·cm<sup>−1</sup> and a large electric strain of <i>S</i><sub>uni</sub> = 0.285% are obtained. These results further validate that domain modulation can effectively enhance the strain properties of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics, which makes them promising candidates for actuator applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":"44 4","pages":"2661 - 2671"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Enhanced strain of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectrics ceramics: domain structure evolution induced by electric-fields and temperature\",\"authors\":\"Yi-Jin Hao, Xiao-Qi Gao, Yu-Cheng Tang, Le-Tian Xie, Hao-Yu Xu, Xiao-Xiao Zhou, Jin-Hao Hu, Huan Liu, He-Zhang Li, Bo-Ping Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12598-024-03139-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The study of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-0.3BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics has gained significant attention due to their high Curie temperature (<i>T</i><sub>C</sub> ≥ 450 °C) and excellent piezoelectric properties (<i>d</i><sub>33</sub> ≥ 200 pC·N<sup>−1</sup>). These are particularly pronounced near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region where coexisting rhombohedral and pseudocubic (R-PC) phases are observed. In addition, as the BaTiO<sub>3</sub> content increases, BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics gradually become dominated by a single pseudocubic (PC-) phase. This shift results in a decrease in piezoelectric properties but an enhancement in strain performance. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The high strain properties observed in non-MPB compositions provide a motivation for further investigation into these mechanisms. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the electric-field and temperature-induced domain structure evolution in BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-0.4BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, which is predominately characterized by the PC phase. Piezoresponse force microscope (PFM) observations reveal the presence of nanodomains and stripy domains associated with polar nanoregions (PNRs), as well as relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs) and/or ferroelectrics (FEs). The RFEs exhibit a significantly better strain response than the FEs, providing direct evidence for the enhanced strain properties of RFEs. Elevated-temperature Raman spectroscopy confirms a decrease in B-O bonding and BO<sub>6</sub> deformation, along with an increase in structural symmetry, indicating the formation of RFEs and/or PNRs. The phase diagram shows the Burns temperature (<i>T</i><sub>B</sub>), dielectric maxima temperature (<i>T</i><sub>m</sub>) and freezing temperature (<i>T</i><sub>f</sub>) evaluated from the dielectric spectra; the temperature-induced evolution of domain structures; and the sequential quasi-dielectric states: PNRs, RFEs and FEs. The evolution of the domain structure, including the morphology and ratio of FEs, RFEs and PNRs, induced by either electric-fields or temperature strongly affects the strain properties of RFEs. A superior piezoelectric coefficient of <i>d</i><sub>33</sub><sup>*</sup> = 533 pm·V<sup>−1</sup> at 40 kV·cm<sup>−1</sup> and a large electric strain of <i>S</i><sub>uni</sub> = 0.285% are obtained. These results further validate that domain modulation can effectively enhance the strain properties of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics, which makes them promising candidates for actuator applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":749,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Rare Metals\",\"volume\":\"44 4\",\"pages\":\"2661 - 2671\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":9.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Rare Metals\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12598-024-03139-0\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rare Metals","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12598-024-03139-0","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhanced strain of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectrics ceramics: domain structure evolution induced by electric-fields and temperature
The study of BiFeO3-0.3BaTiO3 ceramics has gained significant attention due to their high Curie temperature (TC ≥ 450 °C) and excellent piezoelectric properties (d33 ≥ 200 pC·N−1). These are particularly pronounced near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region where coexisting rhombohedral and pseudocubic (R-PC) phases are observed. In addition, as the BaTiO3 content increases, BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics gradually become dominated by a single pseudocubic (PC-) phase. This shift results in a decrease in piezoelectric properties but an enhancement in strain performance. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The high strain properties observed in non-MPB compositions provide a motivation for further investigation into these mechanisms. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the electric-field and temperature-induced domain structure evolution in BiFeO3-0.4BaTiO3, which is predominately characterized by the PC phase. Piezoresponse force microscope (PFM) observations reveal the presence of nanodomains and stripy domains associated with polar nanoregions (PNRs), as well as relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs) and/or ferroelectrics (FEs). The RFEs exhibit a significantly better strain response than the FEs, providing direct evidence for the enhanced strain properties of RFEs. Elevated-temperature Raman spectroscopy confirms a decrease in B-O bonding and BO6 deformation, along with an increase in structural symmetry, indicating the formation of RFEs and/or PNRs. The phase diagram shows the Burns temperature (TB), dielectric maxima temperature (Tm) and freezing temperature (Tf) evaluated from the dielectric spectra; the temperature-induced evolution of domain structures; and the sequential quasi-dielectric states: PNRs, RFEs and FEs. The evolution of the domain structure, including the morphology and ratio of FEs, RFEs and PNRs, induced by either electric-fields or temperature strongly affects the strain properties of RFEs. A superior piezoelectric coefficient of d33* = 533 pm·V−1 at 40 kV·cm−1 and a large electric strain of Suni = 0.285% are obtained. These results further validate that domain modulation can effectively enhance the strain properties of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics, which makes them promising candidates for actuator applications.
期刊介绍：
Rare Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. It serves as a platform for engineers and scientists to communicate and disseminate original research articles in the field of rare metals. The journal focuses on a wide range of topics including metallurgy, processing, and determination of rare metals. Additionally, it showcases the application of rare metals in advanced materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, composites, and ceramics.
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