Utilizing fruit wastes as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production: A review

This present review is significant as it aligns with the global push to expand energy sources and address climate change and air pollution. It explores how fruit waste can be utilized as a feedstock for bioethanol production, a key renewable fuel. To conduct a thorough literature evaluation, the study used keywords including bioethanol production, bioethanol feedstocks, bioethanol from fruit wastes and bioethanol production technology to search for published studies in databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer Link, Web of Science, and Scopus. 150 articles were identified; however, 113 articles met the relevance criteria for inclusion in the present study. This study examines the methods for converting agricultural and fruit waste into bioethanol, along with the environmental and economic benefits, such as blending it with gasoline for use as vehicle fuel. This process boosts gasoline's octane rating, enhances fuel quality, lowers production costs, and reduces exhaust emissions. Besides, the present study assesses global bioethanol production and summarizes the findings from various studies on fruit wastes generation, potentiality of fruit wastes, bioethanol production and properties, potentiality of bioethanol as an energy source, bioethanol production process, parameters affecting optimal bioethanol production during microbial fermentation. It is suggested that attention be given to fruit wastes considering the cost and conditions to improve bioethanol yields through fermentation processes.