The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

Abstract: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) poses a substantial challenge to public health, marked by persistent alcohol consumption patterns that result in significant morbidity and mortality. The limited efficacy of current pharmacological treatments for AUD underscores the necessity for novel therapeutic approaches. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, have shown promise as potential AUD treatments due to their influence on brain reward pathways. This narrative review synthesizes existing preclinical and clinical evidence on the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on alcohol-related behaviors and consumption. Animal studies demonstrate that activating GLP-1 receptors can substantially reduce alcohol intake and inhibit relapse. Initial clinical trials indicate that these agents may decrease heavy drinking days in certain groups, particularly those with concurrent obesity. However, significant gaps remain in the research, including the need for extended studies, more diverse human trials, and investigations into genetic influences on treatment outcomes. This review emphasizes the potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists in AUD treatment and advocates for additional research to confirm their effectiveness and safety in clinical contexts, potentially leading to innovative strategies for managing AUD.