Yahan Yang, Nadia Flexner, Maria Victoria Tiscornia, Leila Guarnieri, Adriana Blanco-Metzler, Hilda Núñez-Rivas, Marlene Roselló-Araya, Paola Arévalo-Rodríguez, Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Mayra Meza-Hernández, Kiomi Yabiku-Soto, Lorena Saavedra-Garcia, Lorena Allemandi, Leo Nederveen, Mary R L'Abbé
{"title":"监测在美洲销售的包装食品中的钠含量，并遵守最新的区域减钠目标。","authors":"Yahan Yang, Nadia Flexner, Maria Victoria Tiscornia, Leila Guarnieri, Adriana Blanco-Metzler, Hilda Núñez-Rivas, Marlene Roselló-Araya, Paola Arévalo-Rodríguez, Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Mayra Meza-Hernández, Kiomi Yabiku-Soto, Lorena Saavedra-Garcia, Lorena Allemandi, Leo Nederveen, Mary R L'Abbé","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0304922","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium reduction is a cost-effective measure to prevent noncommunicable diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a target of a 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of sodium by 2025. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) published sodium reduction targets (SRTs) for packaged foods in 2015, expanding and updating the targets in 2021 to help Member States with its efforts in reducing population sodium intake.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the current sodium levels in packaged foods among five countries in the Americas and monitored cross-sectional and longitudinal compliance with the sodium targets from 2015 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Food labels were systematically collected from the main supermarkets in five countries in the Americas region in 2022. Sodium levels per 100g and per kcal for collected food labels in 16 PAHO categories and 75 subcategories were analyzed and compared against the updated SRTs. Further analysis of three countries that have longitudinal data for 2015-2016, 2017-2018 and 2022 was conducted to compare sodium per 100 g against the 2015 SRTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25,569 food items were analyzed. Overall, 'processed meat and poultry' had the highest sodium levels, although there were large variations within categories. 47% and 45% of products met the sodium per 100g and per kcal 2022 SRTs, respectively. Peru had the highest compliance, whereas Panama had the lowest for both targets. Among Argentina, Costa Rica and Peru, the proportion of foods meeting the 2015 PAHO lower targets were 48, 53 and 61% for 2015-2016, 2017-2018 and 2022, respectively (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that around half of the examined foods met their respective SRTs and there have been small improvements in compliance over time. Further efforts are required to reach the WHO's global sodium reduction goal by 2025, such as implementation of mandatory SRTs and front-of-pack labelling regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":"20 4","pages":"e0304922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967937/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Monitoring sodium content in packaged foods sold in the Americas and compliance with the updated regional sodium reduction targets.\",\"authors\":\"Yahan Yang, Nadia Flexner, Maria Victoria Tiscornia, Leila Guarnieri, Adriana Blanco-Metzler, Hilda Núñez-Rivas, Marlene Roselló-Araya, Paola Arévalo-Rodríguez, Maria Fernanda Kroker-Lobos, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Mayra Meza-Hernández, Kiomi Yabiku-Soto, Lorena Saavedra-Garcia, Lorena Allemandi, Leo Nederveen, Mary R L'Abbé\",\"doi\":\"10.1371/journal.pone.0304922\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium reduction is a cost-effective measure to prevent noncommunicable diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a target of a 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of sodium by 2025. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) published sodium reduction targets (SRTs) for packaged foods in 2015, expanding and updating the targets in 2021 to help Member States with its efforts in reducing population sodium intake.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the current sodium levels in packaged foods among five countries in the Americas and monitored cross-sectional and longitudinal compliance with the sodium targets from 2015 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Food labels were systematically collected from the main supermarkets in five countries in the Americas region in 2022. Sodium levels per 100g and per kcal for collected food labels in 16 PAHO categories and 75 subcategories were analyzed and compared against the updated SRTs. Further analysis of three countries that have longitudinal data for 2015-2016, 2017-2018 and 2022 was conducted to compare sodium per 100 g against the 2015 SRTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25,569 food items were analyzed. Overall, 'processed meat and poultry' had the highest sodium levels, although there were large variations within categories. 47% and 45% of products met the sodium per 100g and per kcal 2022 SRTs, respectively. Peru had the highest compliance, whereas Panama had the lowest for both targets. Among Argentina, Costa Rica and Peru, the proportion of foods meeting the 2015 PAHO lower targets were 48, 53 and 61% for 2015-2016, 2017-2018 and 2022, respectively (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that around half of the examined foods met their respective SRTs and there have been small improvements in compliance over time. Further efforts are required to reach the WHO's global sodium reduction goal by 2025, such as implementation of mandatory SRTs and front-of-pack labelling regulations.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20189,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"volume\":\"20 4\",\"pages\":\"e0304922\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967937/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"PLoS ONE\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304922\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"PLoS ONE","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304922","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring sodium content in packaged foods sold in the Americas and compliance with the updated regional sodium reduction targets.
Background: Sodium reduction is a cost-effective measure to prevent noncommunicable diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a target of a 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of sodium by 2025. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) published sodium reduction targets (SRTs) for packaged foods in 2015, expanding and updating the targets in 2021 to help Member States with its efforts in reducing population sodium intake.
Objective: This study examined the current sodium levels in packaged foods among five countries in the Americas and monitored cross-sectional and longitudinal compliance with the sodium targets from 2015 to 2022.
Methods: Food labels were systematically collected from the main supermarkets in five countries in the Americas region in 2022. Sodium levels per 100g and per kcal for collected food labels in 16 PAHO categories and 75 subcategories were analyzed and compared against the updated SRTs. Further analysis of three countries that have longitudinal data for 2015-2016, 2017-2018 and 2022 was conducted to compare sodium per 100 g against the 2015 SRTs.
Results: A total of 25,569 food items were analyzed. Overall, 'processed meat and poultry' had the highest sodium levels, although there were large variations within categories. 47% and 45% of products met the sodium per 100g and per kcal 2022 SRTs, respectively. Peru had the highest compliance, whereas Panama had the lowest for both targets. Among Argentina, Costa Rica and Peru, the proportion of foods meeting the 2015 PAHO lower targets were 48, 53 and 61% for 2015-2016, 2017-2018 and 2022, respectively (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: This study showed that around half of the examined foods met their respective SRTs and there have been small improvements in compliance over time. Further efforts are required to reach the WHO's global sodium reduction goal by 2025, such as implementation of mandatory SRTs and front-of-pack labelling regulations.
期刊介绍：
PLOS ONE is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access, online publication. PLOS ONE welcomes reports on primary research from any scientific discipline. It provides:
* Open-access—freely accessible online, authors retain copyright
* Fast publication times
* Peer review by expert, practicing researchers
* Post-publication tools to indicate quality and impact
* Community-based dialogue on articles
* Worldwide media coverage
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
