microRNA-Mediated Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally, often linked to oxidative stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as significant regulators of oxidative stress within the cardiovascular system.

Objective: This review examines the complex relationship between miRNAs and oxidative stress, clarifying their effects on gene expression pathways related to ROS production and detoxification in CVDs.

Methods: From August to October 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2014 and 2024 investigating the role of miRNAs in oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases.

Results: Specific miRNAs have been identified as critical regulators in the pathophysiology of CVDs, with distinct expression patterns correlated with conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. For instance, miR-21 exacerbates oxidative stress by targeting genes essential for redox homeostasis, while miR-210 promotes endothelial cell survival under hypoxic conditions by mitigating ROS levels.

Conclusion: The reciprocal relationship between miRNAs and oxidative stress highlights the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA expression and activity in managing CVDs. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is vital for developing innovative strategies to address oxidative damage in cardiac tissues and improve cardiovascular health outcomes.