Fabian Tomschi, Alexander Schmidt, Thomas Cegla, Thomas Hilberg
{"title":"低温诱导的痛觉减退:急性低温室暴露对疼痛感知的影响——一项随机对照交叉试验","authors":"Fabian Tomschi, Alexander Schmidt, Thomas Cegla, Thomas Hilberg","doi":"10.1002/ejp.70017","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a treatment that involves exposing the entire body to extremely cold temperatures and is used in therapeutic and sports scientific settings. Here, cryotherapy is often used to alleviate pain, but its underlying pain physiological effects are under-researched. This study aims to explore whether a 3-min cryochamber application results in cryo-induced hypoalgesia.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>24 healthy male participants successfully conducted this randomised controlled crossover study consisting of a 3-min WBC (cryochamber at −87°C) and a 3-min control (ambient temperature) session. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT [Newton/cm<sup>2</sup>]) were measured at the rectus femoris, knee joint, deltoid muscle and sternum pre and post0, post5, post15 and post30.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Results revealed a significant ‘condition’ × ‘time’ interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>η</i><sup>2</sup><sub>partial</sub> = 0.280) for PPT<sub>Total</sub> (pooled for one average value) with hypoalgesia observed after WBC (<i>p</i> < 0.001; pre: 77.0 ± 17.2, post0: 89.6 ± 18.6, post5: 83.6 ± 19.4, post15: 83.1 ± 18.2, post30: 80.8 ± 17.7) and no change following the control (<i>p</i> = 0.873; pre: 75.1 ± 18.8, post0: 75.3 ± 19.4, post5: 74.6 ± 19.2, post15: 75.7 ± 19.3, post30: 75.3 ± 19.1). The same pattern was observed for individual landmarks. Between-group differences were consistently observed, with higher values following the WBC. No significant ‘time’ × ‘intervention’ × ‘landmark’ interaction effect (<i>p</i> = 0.439) was found.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>This study demonstrates that a three-minute cryochamber exposure induces robust hypoalgesia in healthy participants, as indicated by increased PPT, lasting up to 30 min but gradually declining over time.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Significance Statement</h3>\n \n <p>Whole-body cryotherapy significantly induces short-term hypoalgesia, with increased mechanical pain thresholds lasting up to 30 minutes. Compared to ambient temperature, cryotherapy provided greater pain relief across multiple body landmarks, with 82.6% of participants experiencing hypoalgesia. These findings highlight the potential of cryotherapy for pain management and support further research on its long-term efficacy and clinical applications.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":12021,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pain","volume":"29 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.70017","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cryo-Induced Hypoalgesia: The Effects of an Acute Cryochamber Exposure on Pain Perception—A Randomised Controlled Cross-Over Trial\",\"authors\":\"Fabian Tomschi, Alexander Schmidt, Thomas Cegla, Thomas Hilberg\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ejp.70017\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a treatment that involves exposing the entire body to extremely cold temperatures and is used in therapeutic and sports scientific settings. Here, cryotherapy is often used to alleviate pain, but its underlying pain physiological effects are under-researched. This study aims to explore whether a 3-min cryochamber application results in cryo-induced hypoalgesia.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>24 healthy male participants successfully conducted this randomised controlled crossover study consisting of a 3-min WBC (cryochamber at −87°C) and a 3-min control (ambient temperature) session. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT [Newton/cm<sup>2</sup>]) were measured at the rectus femoris, knee joint, deltoid muscle and sternum pre and post0, post5, post15 and post30.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Results revealed a significant ‘condition’ × ‘time’ interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>η</i><sup>2</sup><sub>partial</sub> = 0.280) for PPT<sub>Total</sub> (pooled for one average value) with hypoalgesia observed after WBC (<i>p</i> < 0.001; pre: 77.0 ± 17.2, post0: 89.6 ± 18.6, post5: 83.6 ± 19.4, post15: 83.1 ± 18.2, post30: 80.8 ± 17.7) and no change following the control (<i>p</i> = 0.873; pre: 75.1 ± 18.8, post0: 75.3 ± 19.4, post5: 74.6 ± 19.2, post15: 75.7 ± 19.3, post30: 75.3 ± 19.1). The same pattern was observed for individual landmarks. Between-group differences were consistently observed, with higher values following the WBC. No significant ‘time’ × ‘intervention’ × ‘landmark’ interaction effect (<i>p</i> = 0.439) was found.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>This study demonstrates that a three-minute cryochamber exposure induces robust hypoalgesia in healthy participants, as indicated by increased PPT, lasting up to 30 min but gradually declining over time.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Significance Statement</h3>\\n \\n <p>Whole-body cryotherapy significantly induces short-term hypoalgesia, with increased mechanical pain thresholds lasting up to 30 minutes. Compared to ambient temperature, cryotherapy provided greater pain relief across multiple body landmarks, with 82.6% of participants experiencing hypoalgesia. These findings highlight the potential of cryotherapy for pain management and support further research on its long-term efficacy and clinical applications.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12021,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Pain\",\"volume\":\"29 5\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejp.70017\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Pain\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejp.70017\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ANESTHESIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Pain","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejp.70017","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ANESTHESIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryo-Induced Hypoalgesia: The Effects of an Acute Cryochamber Exposure on Pain Perception—A Randomised Controlled Cross-Over Trial
Background
Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a treatment that involves exposing the entire body to extremely cold temperatures and is used in therapeutic and sports scientific settings. Here, cryotherapy is often used to alleviate pain, but its underlying pain physiological effects are under-researched. This study aims to explore whether a 3-min cryochamber application results in cryo-induced hypoalgesia.
Methods
24 healthy male participants successfully conducted this randomised controlled crossover study consisting of a 3-min WBC (cryochamber at −87°C) and a 3-min control (ambient temperature) session. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT [Newton/cm2]) were measured at the rectus femoris, knee joint, deltoid muscle and sternum pre and post0, post5, post15 and post30.
Results
Results revealed a significant ‘condition’ × ‘time’ interaction (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.280) for PPTTotal (pooled for one average value) with hypoalgesia observed after WBC (p < 0.001; pre: 77.0 ± 17.2, post0: 89.6 ± 18.6, post5: 83.6 ± 19.4, post15: 83.1 ± 18.2, post30: 80.8 ± 17.7) and no change following the control (p = 0.873; pre: 75.1 ± 18.8, post0: 75.3 ± 19.4, post5: 74.6 ± 19.2, post15: 75.7 ± 19.3, post30: 75.3 ± 19.1). The same pattern was observed for individual landmarks. Between-group differences were consistently observed, with higher values following the WBC. No significant ‘time’ × ‘intervention’ × ‘landmark’ interaction effect (p = 0.439) was found.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that a three-minute cryochamber exposure induces robust hypoalgesia in healthy participants, as indicated by increased PPT, lasting up to 30 min but gradually declining over time.
Significance Statement
Whole-body cryotherapy significantly induces short-term hypoalgesia, with increased mechanical pain thresholds lasting up to 30 minutes. Compared to ambient temperature, cryotherapy provided greater pain relief across multiple body landmarks, with 82.6% of participants experiencing hypoalgesia. These findings highlight the potential of cryotherapy for pain management and support further research on its long-term efficacy and clinical applications.
期刊介绍:
European Journal of Pain (EJP) publishes clinical and basic science research papers relevant to all aspects of pain and its management, including specialties such as anaesthesia, dentistry, neurology and neurosurgery, orthopaedics, palliative care, pharmacology, physiology, psychiatry, psychology and rehabilitation; socio-economic aspects of pain are also covered.
Regular sections in the journal are as follows:
• Editorials and Commentaries
• Position Papers and Guidelines
• Reviews
• Original Articles
• Letters
• Bookshelf
The journal particularly welcomes clinical trials, which are published on an occasional basis.
Research articles are published under the following subject headings:
• Neurobiology
• Neurology
• Experimental Pharmacology
• Clinical Pharmacology
• Psychology
• Behavioural Therapy
• Epidemiology
• Cancer Pain
• Acute Pain
• Clinical Trials.