Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Biosurfactants: A Concise Review

Biosurfactants have garnered significant attention amid rising environmental concerns associated with traditional surfactants. These amphiphilic compounds are biologically synthesized by a variety of microorganisms. Their appeal stems from several advantageous characteristics: lower toxicity, enhanced effectiveness, selectivity, environmental friendliness, stability, high biodegradability, and the ability to function effectively under extreme conditions. Due to these attributes, biosurfactants are often referred to as "green" surfactants. This review commences by outlining the fundamental nature of biosurfactant molecules and their classifications. It proceeds to provide a concise overview of the diverse methods employed for their preparation. Finally, the review highlights the pivotal role of biosurfactants with essential properties tailored for a diverse applications across various industries. Researchers aim to harness the full potential of biosurfactants, surpassing the demands of modern applications and solidifying their role as indispensable components in sustainable and environmentally conscious practices worldwide.