黄土高原 PM2.5 的时空演变模式及其影响因素分析

IF 4.5 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108108

Chaoya Zhang , Peng Li , Yongxia Meng , Zhiwei Cui , Lei Pei

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引用次数: 0

摘要

PM2.5作为大气污染的主要来源，其时空演变规律及其影响因素对大气质量调控至关重要。黄土高原是中国重要的生态屏障，是西北沙尘输送和东部工业污染的过渡地带，环境问题尤为突出。由于其生态系统脆弱，PM2.5污染不仅会导致空气质量恶化，还可能加剧土壤侵蚀和生态退化。了解PM2.5分布规律，对制定区域生态保护战略、促进可持续发展具有重要意义。然而，对该地区大气污染物的时空分布及其影响因素的研究仍然有限。本研究对2010 - 2020年PM2.5矢量数据进行分析，探讨其时空特征及其影响因素。结果表明，该时期PM2.5年均浓度由2010年的44.570 μg·m−3下降至2020年的30.207 μg·m−3，下降32.25%；在空间分布上，PM2.5浓度呈“东南高西北低”的格局，热点地区主要集中在河南、山西和陕西，冷点地区主要集中在内蒙古和青海。通过地理探测器和相关分析发现，自然因素（如海拔、温度和降水）对PM2.5浓度的影响显著大于社会经济因素。其中海拔高度（DEM）对PM2.5浓度的解释力最强，与PM2.5浓度呈显著负相关。研究还发现，PM2.5浓度在冬季明显高于其他季节，这主要是由于冬季气温较低、逆温以及居民对煤炭供暖的依赖。西安和太原的气流主要来自西北，分别占53.53%和58.09%。西安的潜在震源区包括广元、运城、襄阳和延安，太原的主要震源区是河北的石家庄和河南的郑州。总体来看，黄土高原PM2.5污染治理成效显著，但未来区域间协同治理和生态保护仍需加强。

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Analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of PM2.5 and its influencing factors on the Loess Plateau

As a major source of atmospheric pollution, the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and influencing factors of PM_2.5 are crucial for the regulation of air quality. The Loess Plateau, a vital ecological barrier in China, is a transitional zone for northwest dust transport and eastern industrial pollution, making its environmental issues particularly significant. With its fragile ecosystem, PM_2.5 pollution not only degrades air quality but may also exacerbate soil erosion and ecological degradation. Understanding PM_2.5 distribution patterns is essential for formulating regional ecological protection strategies and promoting sustainable development. However, research on the spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of air pollutants in this region remains limited. This study analyzed PM_2.5 vector data from 2010 to 2020 to explore its spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors. Results indicate that the annual mean PM_2.5 concentration decreased during this period, from 44.570 μg·m⁻³ in 2010 to 30.207 μg·m⁻³ in 2020, a decrease of 32.25 %. In terms of spatial distribution, the PM_2.5 concentration shows a pattern of ‘high in the southeast and low in the northwest’, with hotspots mainly concentrated in the provinces of Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi, and cold spots in Inner Mongolia and Qinghai. Through geodetectors and correlation analyses, it was found that natural factors (e.g., altitude, temperature, and precipitation) had a significantly greater influence on PM_2.5 concentrations than socioeconomic factors. In particular, elevation (DEM) had the strongest explanatory power for PM_2.5 concentrations and was significantly negatively correlated with PM_2.5 concentrations. It was also found that PM_2.5 concentrations were significantly higher in winter than in other seasons, mainly due to low winter temperatures, inversions, and residents' reliance on coal for heating. The airflow in Xi'an and Taiyuan mainly originated from the north-west, with 53.53 % and 58.09 %, respectively. Potential source areas for Xi'an included Guangyuan, Yuncheng, Xiangyang, and Yan'an, while Taiyuan's sources were primarily Shijiazhuang (Hebei) and Zhengzhou (Henan). Overall, the control of PM_2.5 pollution in the Loess Plateau has achieved remarkable results, but interregional synergistic management and ecological protection still need to be strengthened in the future.

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来源期刊

Atmospheric Research 地学-气象与大气科学

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

10.90%

发文量

460

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： The journal publishes scientific papers (research papers, review articles, letters and notes) dealing with the part of the atmosphere where meteorological events occur. Attention is given to all processes extending from the earth surface to the tropopause, but special emphasis continues to be devoted to the physics of clouds, mesoscale meteorology and air pollution, i.e. atmospheric aerosols; microphysical processes; cloud dynamics and thermodynamics; numerical simulation, climatology, climate change and weather modification.