Exploring the development path of bioenergy carbon capture and storage for achieving carbon neutrality in China: A systematic review

Bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is essential for achieving carbon neutrality targets, whereas relevant demonstration projects have not yet been prioritized in China. This study attempts to investigate the development path of BECCS in China through mapping out a spatial and temporal development path considering practice advantages and underlying difficulties. It suggests that small-scale demonstration projects should be implemented before 2030 when biomass technologies should evolve from fuel substitution to material substitution. Between 2030 and 2040, large-scale biomass co-firing related BECCS projects can be deployed as a result of the maturation of biomass pretreatment technologies and second-generation capture technology, potentially leading to an emissions reduction of 80–100 Mt/a. In light of the challenges in source-sink matching, the early projects characterized with vertical integration and joint venture business models may be concentrated in the Northeast, North and East areas. Beyond 2040, advancements in combined fuel & material substitution and other integrated zero or negative carbon technologies are likely to facilitate pure biomass burning-related BECCS projects with emission reduction ranging from 300 to 600 Mt/a. By then, the flexible BECCS operator and transport operator business models can be promoted. Notably, if CO₂ utilization technologies and offshore storage technologies are proven feasible, large-scale deployment can be achieved in the biomass-rich southwest and southeast Coastal areas. However, the northwest area may face restrictions due to limited scarce biomass resources. Additionally, intensive biomass collection mode, potential environmental damages (e.g. water consumption), global cooperation mechanism, etc. should also be highly regarded.