{"title":"猛禽中发现囊虫属和双胞虫属。","authors":"Zhen-Qiu Gao, Si-Yuan Qin, Lin-Hong Xie, Guang-Rong Bao, Xingzhou Wang, Ya Qin, Xuetao Han, Xiaoming Yu, Cong-Cong Lei, Xiao-Tian Zhang, Ming-Yuan Yu, He-Ting Sun, Shuo Liu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1538725","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Blastocystis sp</i>. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> are common zoonotic pathogens threatening human and animal health. These parasites are widely distributed in birds, and substantial research on their prevalence has been conducted. However, no studies on <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors exist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study collected 335 fecal samples from raptors in Changdao, China. The prevalence and genotypes of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> were determined through amplification of <i>SSU</i> rRNA and ITS gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 11 with the neighbor-joining method (Kimura 2-parameter model, 1000 replicate).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall infection rates of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors were 1.19% (4/335) and 1.79% (6/335), respecttively. Among them, the highest infection rate of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. was observed in <i>Accipiter nisus</i> (3.85%, 1/26), while <i>Buteo japonicus</i> showed the highest infection rate of <i>E. bieneusi</i> (33.33%, 1/3), followed by <i>Asio otus</i> (7.69%, 1/13). This study identified two <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. subtypes: ST3 and ST10 in raptors for the first time. Regarding <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors, we identified four genotypes: CHN-F1, HND-III, BEB6, and HLJD-I. Among these, BEB6 and CHN-F1 are notable for their zoonotic potential and the risk of waterborne outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that raptors may be potential transmitters of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> to humans and other animals, as well as sources of water contamination. This study fills a gap in the research on <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors and is important for public health safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1538725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962658/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"First report of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> in raptors.\",\"authors\":\"Zhen-Qiu Gao, Si-Yuan Qin, Lin-Hong Xie, Guang-Rong Bao, Xingzhou Wang, Ya Qin, Xuetao Han, Xiaoming Yu, Cong-Cong Lei, Xiao-Tian Zhang, Ming-Yuan Yu, He-Ting Sun, Shuo Liu\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fvets.2025.1538725\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Blastocystis sp</i>. and <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> are common zoonotic pathogens threatening human and animal health. These parasites are widely distributed in birds, and substantial research on their prevalence has been conducted. However, no studies on <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors exist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study collected 335 fecal samples from raptors in Changdao, China. The prevalence and genotypes of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> were determined through amplification of <i>SSU</i> rRNA and ITS gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 11 with the neighbor-joining method (Kimura 2-parameter model, 1000 replicate).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall infection rates of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors were 1.19% (4/335) and 1.79% (6/335), respecttively. Among them, the highest infection rate of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. was observed in <i>Accipiter nisus</i> (3.85%, 1/26), while <i>Buteo japonicus</i> showed the highest infection rate of <i>E. bieneusi</i> (33.33%, 1/3), followed by <i>Asio otus</i> (7.69%, 1/13). This study identified two <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. subtypes: ST3 and ST10 in raptors for the first time. Regarding <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors, we identified four genotypes: CHN-F1, HND-III, BEB6, and HLJD-I. Among these, BEB6 and CHN-F1 are notable for their zoonotic potential and the risk of waterborne outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that raptors may be potential transmitters of <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> to humans and other animals, as well as sources of water contamination. This study fills a gap in the research on <i>Blastocystis</i> sp. and <i>E. bieneusi</i> in raptors and is important for public health safety.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12772,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Veterinary Science\",\"volume\":\"12 \",\"pages\":\"1538725\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962658/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Veterinary Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1538725\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1538725","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
First report of Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raptors.
Introduction: Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are common zoonotic pathogens threatening human and animal health. These parasites are widely distributed in birds, and substantial research on their prevalence has been conducted. However, no studies on Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in raptors exist.
Methods: The present study collected 335 fecal samples from raptors in Changdao, China. The prevalence and genotypes of Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi were determined through amplification of SSU rRNA and ITS gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 11 with the neighbor-joining method (Kimura 2-parameter model, 1000 replicate).
Results: The overall infection rates of Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in raptors were 1.19% (4/335) and 1.79% (6/335), respecttively. Among them, the highest infection rate of Blastocystis sp. was observed in Accipiter nisus (3.85%, 1/26), while Buteo japonicus showed the highest infection rate of E. bieneusi (33.33%, 1/3), followed by Asio otus (7.69%, 1/13). This study identified two Blastocystis sp. subtypes: ST3 and ST10 in raptors for the first time. Regarding E. bieneusi in raptors, we identified four genotypes: CHN-F1, HND-III, BEB6, and HLJD-I. Among these, BEB6 and CHN-F1 are notable for their zoonotic potential and the risk of waterborne outbreaks.
Discussion: These findings suggest that raptors may be potential transmitters of Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi to humans and other animals, as well as sources of water contamination. This study fills a gap in the research on Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in raptors and is important for public health safety.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Veterinary Science is a global, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that bridges animal and human health, brings a comparative approach to medical and surgical challenges, and advances innovative biotechnology and therapy.
Veterinary research today is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and socially relevant, transforming how we understand and investigate animal health and disease. Fundamental research in emerging infectious diseases, predictive genomics, stem cell therapy, and translational modelling is grounded within the integrative social context of public and environmental health, wildlife conservation, novel biomarkers, societal well-being, and cutting-edge clinical practice and specialization. Frontiers in Veterinary Science brings a 21st-century approach—networked, collaborative, and Open Access—to communicate this progress and innovation to both the specialist and to the wider audience of readers in the field.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science publishes articles on outstanding discoveries across a wide spectrum of translational, foundational, and clinical research. The journal''s mission is to bring all relevant veterinary sciences together on a single platform with the goal of improving animal and human health.
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