Copper(I) Supported on Fe3O4/Glycine Nanocomposite: A Sustainable Magnetic Nanocatalyst for Click Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles in Water

In line with the principles of green chemistry, this study presents the development of a sustainable and efficient copper(I) catalyst supported on Fe₃O₄-amino acid glycine magnetic nanocomposites for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry reactions. The catalyst was synthesized using a simple method and then characterized using multiple techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, TGA, and AAS, confirming its successful synthesis. Moreover, the catalytic system showed good catalytic activity for the selective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles, giving good to high yields under mild conditions with low catalyst loading. The environmental friendliness of the process was evaluated using atom economy (AE), E-factor, and EcoScale indicating a good level of sustainability. Furthermore, the Fe₃O₄-glycine/Cu(I) composite could be separated magnetically and reused over multiple cycles. The green advantages of this method are highlighted using water as a solvent, room-temperature reactions, and the easy separation of both final products and catalyst, which confirm the sustainability of this catalytic approach.

Graphical Abstract