"WhatsBarb" Citizen Surveillance: Survey of Insects Mistaken for Triatomines.

Background: Triatomine recognition by the public is an important factor in Chagas disease (CD) prevention campaigns. Citizen surveillance has been demonstrated as an effective alternative strategy, increasing the possibility of monitoring vector populations on a broad geographic scale. Thus, our study aimed to explore a database built from pictorial/video records and specimens sent through citizen participation, identify the main groups confused with triatomines, and systematize the data on insect diversity.

Methods: Due to demand from the local community, the "WhatsBarb" project was established using a digital platform application, to receive photos of suspected insects, or triatomines, and provide digital campaigns, with instructions for collecting insects and delivery to Entomological Surveillance Services.

Results: In total, 465 insect records were obtained between 2019 and 2024. We identified taxonomic orders and families in 464 and 454 records, respectively, and estimated at least 68 genera, 42 species, and 101 distinct taxa. Triatomines represented 32.3% of the volunteer contacts. Records showed a predominance of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), including phytophagous species and predator reduviids (54.6%; n=254). Contacts were received from 20 of the 26 states in Brazil, in addition to the Federal District.

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the power of digital tools in public health, which could aid in describing, preventing, and controlling CD vectors, and could be applied to other neglected diseases.