Evelyn Calta, Anton de Groot, Emma M. van Oers, Norbertus A. Ipenburg, Thomas Rustemeyer
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To study the influence of different enrichment times on the qualitative and quantitative composition of Brazilian propolis.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Analyses were performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detection (GC–MS/FID) of the volatile components obtained by headspace SPME (solid phase microextraction).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>A strong difference between the composition of the Brazilian propolis sample and both samples of Chinese propolis was found. Major ingredients in Brazilian propolis were hydrocinnamic acid (16.9%), (<i>E</i>)-nerolidol (7.41%), spathulenol (5.45%) and junenol (4.01%). Major ingredients in Chinese propolis were (<i>E</i>)-cinnamyl alcohol (8.08% and 24.96%), 2-phenethyl alcohol (8.93% and 11.25%), α-curcumene (8.77% and 8.81%) and guaiol (5.96% and 5.72%).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>The volatile fractions of Brazilian propolis and Chinese propolis used for patch testing have very different compositions. Whether this causes or contributes to the differences in patch test reactivity has to be investigated further.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14796","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Composition of Brazilian and Chinese Propolis for Patch Testing\",\"authors\":\"Evelyn Calta, Anton de Groot, Emma M. van Oers, Norbertus A. Ipenburg, Thomas Rustemeyer\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/cod.14796\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>In Amsterdam, in 2024, patch testing with Brazilian propolis yielded high rates of positive reactions (> 20%), whereas reactivity to Chinese propolis was significantly lower (3.5%). Differences in the composition were suggested as a possible explanation.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objectives</h3>\\n \\n <p>1. To study the composition of 3 propolis samples (2 Chinese and 1 Brazilian) used for preparing commercial test allergens; 2. To study the influence of different enrichment times on the qualitative and quantitative composition of Brazilian propolis.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Analyses were performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detection (GC–MS/FID) of the volatile components obtained by headspace SPME (solid phase microextraction).</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>A strong difference between the composition of the Brazilian propolis sample and both samples of Chinese propolis was found. Major ingredients in Brazilian propolis were hydrocinnamic acid (16.9%), (<i>E</i>)-nerolidol (7.41%), spathulenol (5.45%) and junenol (4.01%). Major ingredients in Chinese propolis were (<i>E</i>)-cinnamyl alcohol (8.08% and 24.96%), 2-phenethyl alcohol (8.93% and 11.25%), α-curcumene (8.77% and 8.81%) and guaiol (5.96% and 5.72%).</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>The volatile fractions of Brazilian propolis and Chinese propolis used for patch testing have very different compositions. 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Composition of Brazilian and Chinese Propolis for Patch Testing
Background
In Amsterdam, in 2024, patch testing with Brazilian propolis yielded high rates of positive reactions (> 20%), whereas reactivity to Chinese propolis was significantly lower (3.5%). Differences in the composition were suggested as a possible explanation.
Objectives
1. To study the composition of 3 propolis samples (2 Chinese and 1 Brazilian) used for preparing commercial test allergens; 2. To study the influence of different enrichment times on the qualitative and quantitative composition of Brazilian propolis.
Materials and Methods
Analyses were performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detection (GC–MS/FID) of the volatile components obtained by headspace SPME (solid phase microextraction).
Results
A strong difference between the composition of the Brazilian propolis sample and both samples of Chinese propolis was found. Major ingredients in Brazilian propolis were hydrocinnamic acid (16.9%), (E)-nerolidol (7.41%), spathulenol (5.45%) and junenol (4.01%). Major ingredients in Chinese propolis were (E)-cinnamyl alcohol (8.08% and 24.96%), 2-phenethyl alcohol (8.93% and 11.25%), α-curcumene (8.77% and 8.81%) and guaiol (5.96% and 5.72%).
Conclusions
The volatile fractions of Brazilian propolis and Chinese propolis used for patch testing have very different compositions. Whether this causes or contributes to the differences in patch test reactivity has to be investigated further.
期刊介绍：
Contact Dermatitis is designed primarily as a journal for clinicians who are interested in various aspects of environmental dermatitis. This includes both allergic and irritant (toxic) types of contact dermatitis, occupational (industrial) dermatitis and consumers" dermatitis from such products as cosmetics and toiletries. The journal aims at promoting and maintaining communication among dermatologists, industrial physicians, allergists and clinical immunologists, as well as chemists and research workers involved in industry and the production of consumer goods. Papers are invited on clinical observations, diagnosis and methods of investigation of patients, therapeutic measures, organisation and legislation relating to the control of occupational and consumers".
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