Release and degradation of dissolved environmental RNAs from zebrafish cells.

The sources and degradation profiles of dissolved environmental RNAs from fish in water remain unknown. In this study, laboratory experiments and mathematical modelling were conducted to investigate the permeability of RNA extracted from zebrafish cells through filters, the release of dissolved environmental RNAs from live and dying zebrafish cells, and the degradation of RNA extracted from zebrafish cells in a non-sterile aqueous environment. This research aimed to provide biological and ecological insights into fish RNAs dissolved in water. The results showed that most of the RNA extracted from zebrafish cells was detected in the filtrates after passage through 0.45 µm filters. Over the course of the 6-day experiment, dynamic levels of the RNAs in the liquid environment containing live or dying zebrafish cells were determined. The release and degradation rates of dissolved environmental RNA from zebrafish cells were calculated using mathematical modelling. RNA extracted from zebrafish cells degraded in non-sterile water in the tubes, and after 2 months, more than 15% of the RNAs in the water remained detectable. The half-life of the RNA in the tubes was approximately 20 ~ 43 days. The modelling results suggest that the levels of the dissolved environmental fish RNAs in natural waters or aquariums could be so low that it would be difficult to detect them using current techniques. The results obtained in this study will help develop new methods for measuring the dynamics of dissolved environmental fish RNAs in water and determining their significance.